Colorant artificiel pétrochimique (triarylméthane) vert à bleu-vert foncé dérivé du naphtalène.
Description
Le vert S est essentiellement constitué de sel de sodium de l’acide [diméthylamino-4-α-(diméthylimino-4-cyclohexadiène-2,5-ylidène)-benzyl]-5-hydroxy-6-sulfo-7-naphtalène sulfonique-2 et de matières colorantes accessoires associées à des dérivés non colorés, principalement du chlorure de sodium et/ou du sulfate de sodium. Le vert S décrit est le sel de sodium. Les sels de calcium et de potassium sont également autorisés. L’utilisation de laques aluminiques de ce colorant est autorisée
Autres noms
| Francais | Anglais |
| Vert Lissamine | Lissamine Green B |
| Vert brillant BS | Lissamine green b (c.i. 44090) |
| CI 44090 (cosmétiques) | CI (1975) No. 44090 |
| EINECS 221-409-2 (code UE) | CI Food Green 4 |
| FD&C green No. 4 (USA) | |
| Green S | |
| Acid green 50 (c.i. 44090) | |
| Food Green S | |
| Food green 4 | |
| FD&C Green 4 | |
| Acid green 50 | |
| Wool Green S | |
| Naphthazine Green S | |
| Hydrogen (4-(4-(dimethyl amino)-alpha-(2-hydroxy-3,6-disulfonato-1-naphthyl)benzylidene) cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)dimethyl ammonium monosodium salt |
Fonction et caractéristiques
Fonctions (INCI)
- Colorant cosmétique : Colore les cosmétiques et/ou confère une couleur à la peau
Utilisations
Utilisé pour colorer divers aliments, dans de nombreux pharmaceutiques et d’autres applications médicales. On le trouve aussi dans les cosmétiques où il peut être renommé CI 44090.
Toxicité
Classement
TOXICITÉ : Très toxique
Danger pour la santé
Soupçonné d’être cancérigène, y compris ses résidus de production.
Listé possiblement cancérigène à l’Association pour la Recherche Thérapeutique Anti-Cancéreuse (ARTAC, France).
Pour l’autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA, 2010), l’additif n’est ni cancérigène, ni reprotoxique. De nombreux colorants sont suspectés de provoquer ou d’amplifier l’hyperactivité chez l’enfant.
Symptômes d’allergie sur une fraction de consommateurs : urticaire, asthme, autres symptômes cutanés ou respiratoires, exceptionnellement des anaphylaxies. Les personnes sensibles aux salicylates (aspirine, baies, fruits) pourraient être exposées. Divers : potentiellement neurotoxique et autres effets secondaires relatifs à l’aluminium, effets mutagènes et reprotoxiques observés en laboratoire sur des cobayes, augmentation de l’appétit à haute dose.
Chimiquement, la substance pure est classée Xn (nocif) avec phrases R 22–36/37/38 (Nocif par ingestion – Irritant pour les yeux / les voies respiratoires / la peau) [5,21b]. La substance est dans l’ensemble peu étudiée.
Résidus autorisés (dits Critères de pureté)
Leucodérivés (≤ 5%), matières colorantes accessoires (≤ 1%), matières extractibles à l’éther (≤ 0,2%), matières insolubles dans l’eau (≤ 0,2%), composés organiques autres que les matières colorantes : { acide hydroxy-3-naphtalène disulfonique-2,7 (≤ 0,2%), bis-(diméthylamino)-4,4′ benzophénone (≤ 0,1%), alcool bis-(diméthylamino)-4,4′ benzhydrylique (≤ 0,1%) } , amines aromatiquesSe dit de composés présentant un ensemble de propriétés physiques et chimiques comparables à celles du benzène. primaires non sulfonées (≤ 0,01% exprimées en aniline), métaux lourds (≤ 40 mg/kg [15a]), arsenic (≤ 3 mg/kg), plomb (≤ 2 mg/kg), mercure (≤ 1 mg/kg), cadmium (≤ 1 mg/kg).
Dosage maximum dans les produits transformés
Gouvernement du Canada, Liste des colorants autorisés (Listes des additifs alimentaires autorisés)
Interdit au Canada
États-Unis ; liste des colorants autorisés
| Color Additives Approved for Use in Human Food Part 74, Subpart A: Color additives subject to batch certification(4) |
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| 21 CFR Section | Straight Color | EEC# | Year(2)Approved | Uses and Restrictions | |||||
| §74.203 | FD&C Green No. 3 | —- | 1982 | Foods generally. | |||||
| Color Additives Approved for Use in Drugs Part 74, Subpart B: Color additives subject to batch certification |
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| 21 CFR Section | Straight Color | Year(2)Approved | Uses and Restrictions | ||||||
| §74.1203 | FD&C Green No. 3 | 1982 | Drugs generally (5). | ||||||
| §74.1205 | D&C Green No. 5 | 1982 | Drugs generally(5). | ||||||
| 1994 | Eye area use. | ||||||||
| §74.1206 | D&C Green No. 6 | 1982 | Externally applied drugs(6) . | ||||||
| §74.1208 | D&C Green No. 8 | 1976 | Externally applied drugs(6) (NTE(7) 0.01% (by weight)). | ||||||
| Color Additives Approved for Use in Cosmetics Part 73, Subpart C: Color additives exempt from batch certification |
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| 21 CFR Section | Straight Color | Year(2)Approved | Uses and Restrictions | ||||||
| Color Additives Approved for Use in Cosmetics Part 74, Subpart C: Color additives subject to batch certification(4) |
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| 21 CFR Section | Straight Color | Year(2)Approved | Uses and Restrictions | ||||||
| §74.2203 | FD&C Green No. 3 | 1982 | Cosmetics generally (5). | ||||||
| §74.2205 | D&C Green No. 5 | 1982 | Cosmetics generally(5). | ||||||
| 1994 | Eye area use. | ||||||||
| §74.2206 | D&C Green No. 6 | 1982 | Externally applied cosmetics(6) . | ||||||
| §74.2208 | D&C Green No. 8 | 1976 | Externally applied cosmetics(6) (NTE(7) 0.01% (by wt) of finished cosmetic product). | ||||||
| Color Additives Approved for Use in Medical Devices Part 73, Subpart D: Color additives exempt from batch certification |
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| 21 CFR Section | Straight Color | Year(2)Approved | Uses and Restrictions | ||||||
| Color Additives Approved for Use in Medical Devices Part 74, Subpart D: Color additives subject to batch certification(4) |
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| 21 CFR Section | Straight Color | Year(2)Approved | Uses and Restrictions | ||||||
| §74.1205 | D&C Green No. 5 | 1973 | Nylon 66 nonabsorbable sutures; NTE(7) 0.6% general surgery. | ||||||
| 1977 | Nylon 6 same conditions. | ||||||||
End Notes
- The color additives Astaxanthin, Astaxanthin dimethyldisuccinate, Ultramarine blue, Canthaxanthin, Haematococcus algae meal, Synthetic iron oxide, Dried algae meal, Tagetes (Aztec marigold) meal and extract, Corn endosperm oil, Paracoccus pigment, and Phaffia yeast are approved for specific uses in animal food (see 21 CFR 73.35, 73.37, 73.50, 73.75, 73.185, 73.200, 73.275, 73.295, 73.315, 73.352, and 73.355, respectively).
- The year approved is based on the date listed in the « Confirmation of Effective Date » notice for the action as published in the Federal Register.
- Petitioned for use after the 1960 amendments; not provisionally listed.
- Color additives listed in 21 CFR Parts 74 and 82 must be analyzed and batch certified by FDA before they can be used in any FDA-regulated product marketed in the U.S. This requirement applies to products imported into this country as well as those manufactured domestically. Manufacturers of certified color additives must include on the label the name of the certified color additive, a statement indicating general use limitations, any quantitative limitations in products, and the certification lot number assigned to the batch. Straight colors required to be certified are listed in 21 CFR Part 74. Most lakes are provisionally listed under 21 CFR 81.1 for use as listed in 21 CFR 82.51 (food, drugs, and cosmetics), 21 CFR 82.1051 (drugs and cosmetics), or 21 CFR 82.2051 (externally applied drugs and cosmetics). All FD&C Red No. 40 lakes are permanently listed under 21 CFR 74.340 (food), 74.1340 (drugs), and 74.2340 (cosmetics). FD&C Blue No. 1 and FD&C Yellow No. 5 aluminum lakes for drug and cosmetic use are permanently listed in 21 CFR sections 74.1101, 74.1705, 74.2101, and 74.2705.
- Color additives that are permitted for general use may not be used in the area of the eye, in injections, or in surgical sutures unless such use is specified in the color additive listing regulation. Currently no color additives are listed for use in injected products (such as tattoos or permanent makeup).
- Color additives that are permitted for external application may not be used in the area of the eye, in injections, or in surgical sutures unless such use is specified in the color additive listing regulation. Currently no color additives are listed for use in injected products (such as tattoos or permanent makeup). Some color additives that are permitted for external application also may be permitted in mouthwashes, dentifrices, or lipsticks in limited amounts specified in the color additive listing regulations.
- NTE – not to exceed.
Dose maximale admissible par jour
DJA: Non limitée ou non spécifiée.
Fixée à 0-5 mg./kg. de masse corporelle/jr. dans l’U.E. (SCF,1984)
Avantages
Source de l’additif
Origine
Chimique
| Végétale | Non | Animale | Non | Minérale | Non | Synthétique | Oui |
Convient aux régimes
| Végétarien | Oui | Végétalien | Oui | Hallal | Oui | Kosher | Oui |
| Biologique | Non | Sans gluten | Oui | Sans noix | Oui | Sans œufs | Oui |
Régimes spéciaux : Produits animaux (porc compris) exclus.
Autorisé dans les pays suivants
| Country | Status | Matched Term | |
| États-Unis | Matching Terms Not Found | ||
| European Union | Approved | Green S | |
| Australia and New Zealand | Approved | Green S | |
| Japon | Unknown | None | |
| Autriche | Approved | Green S | |
| Belgique | Approved | Green S | |
| Bulgarie | Approved | Green S | |
| Chypre | Approved | Green S | |
| République tchèque | Approved | Green S | |
| Danemark | Approved | Green S | |
| Estonie | Approved | Green S | |
| Finlande | Approved | Green S | |
| France | Approved | Green S | |
| Allemagne | Approved | Green S | |
| Grèce | Approved | Green S | |
| Hongrie | Approved | Green S | |
| Irlande | Approved | Green S | |
| Italie | Approved | Green S | |
| Lettonie | Approved | Green S | |
| Lituanie | Approved | Green S | |
| Luxembourg | Approved | Green S | |
| Malte | Approved | Green S | |
| Pays-Bas | Approved | Green S | |
| Pologne | Approved | Green S | |
| Portugal | Approved | Green S | |
| Roumanie | Approved | Green S | |
| Slovaquie | Approved | Green S | |
| Slovénie | Approved | Green S | |
| Espagne | Approved | Green S | |
| Suède | Approved | Green S | |
| Royaume-Uni | Approved | Green S | |
| Australie | Approved | Green S | |
| Nouvelle-Zélande | Approved | Green S | |
Autres sources d’informations
| Autorisé | Interdit | Inconnue | |
| Argentina | X | ||
| Australia | X | ||
| Bangladesh | X | ||
| Belgium | X | ||
| Bulgaria | X | ||
| Czech Republic | X | ||
| Denmark | X | ||
| E.U. | |||
| Egypt | X | ||
| Estonia | X | ||
| Ethiopia | X | ||
| France | X | ||
| Germany | X | ||
| Ghana | X | ||
| Greece | X | ||
| Hong Kong | X | ||
| Iceland | X | ||
| India * | X | * | |
| Indonesia | X | ||
| Ireland | X | ||
| Italy | X | ||
| Jordan | X | ||
| Kenya | X | ||
| Latvia | X | ||
| Lebanon | X | ||
| Lithuania | X | ||
| Luxembourg | X | ||
| Malaysia | X | ||
| Morocco | X | ||
| Netherlands | X | ||
| New Zealand | X | ||
| Nigeria | X | ||
| Norway | X | ||
| Pakistan | X | ||
| Peru | X | ** | |
| Portugal | X | ||
| Romania | X | ||
| Singapore | X | ||
| South Africa | X | ||
| Spain | X | ||
| Sri Lanka | X | ||
| Switzerland | X | ||
| Syria | X | ||
| Thailand | X | ||
| Tunisia | X | ||
| Turkey | X | ||
| U.A.E. | X | ||
| U.K. | X | ||
| Ukraine | X | ||
| Zimbabwe | X | ||
| * Future status is under debate. | |||
| **Specific ADI values apply, and are listed on page 9 | |||
Additif interdit
Interdit au Canada, au Japon, aux USA et en Norvège.
| Philippines | Not Permitted |
Il est interdit dans l’alimentation BIO.
Autres sources d’informations
| Autorisé | interdit | Inconnue | |
| Austria | X | ||
| Bolivia | X | ||
| Brazil | X | ||
| Canada | X | ||
| Chile | X | ||
| China | X | ||
| Columbia | X | ||
| Costa Rica | X | ||
| Croatia | X | ||
| Ecuador | X | ||
| Finland | X | ||
| Guatemala | X | ||
| Hungary | X | ||
| Iran | X | ||
| Israel | X | ||
| Japan | X | ||
| Mexico | X | ||
| Philippines | X | ||
| Poland | X | ||
| Russia | X | ||
| Saudi Arabia | X | ||
| Slovakia | X | ||
| Slovenia | X | ||
| South Korea | X | ||
| Sweden | X | ||
| Taiwan | X | ||
| U.S.A. | X | ||
| Uruguay | X | ||
| Venezuela | X | ||
| Vietnam | k | ||
| Yugoslavia | X |
Utilisation restreinte
Information non disponible
Spécification technique
| Classe : | Triarylméthane |
| Formule : | C27H25N2NaO7S2 |
| CAS : | 3087-16-9 |
No. Molecular Description Composition
| No. | Molecular Description | Composition |
| 1. | Total colour/Assay, percent by Mass, min. | 80 |
| 2. | Water-insoluble matter, percent by mass, Max. | 0.2 |
| 3. | Combined ether extracts, percent by mass, Max. | 0.2 |
| 4. | Subsidiary dyes, percent by mass, Max. | 1 |
| 5. | Dye intermediates, percent by mass, max. Leuco basev 4,4′- Bis (Dimehtyl amino )-benzhydril alcohol 4,4-Bis (dimethyl amino) – benzophenon 3- Hydroxy naphthalene , 2-7 – dislfunic acid |
05.00 00.10 00.10 00.20 |
| 6. | Unsulfonated primary aromatic amine (calculated as aniline) percent by mass, max. | 0.01 |
| 7. | Lead, mg/kg, Max. | 10 |
| 8. | Arsenic, mg/kg, Max. | 3 |
| 9. | Heavy metals, (as pb) mg/kg, max | 40 |
Ou peut-on retrouvé
- Sucreries
- Sirops
- Sodas
- Liqueurs
- Sauces à la menthe
- Gelées
- Desserts
- Pâtes de fruits
- Chapelure
- Mélange a gâteaux
- Conserve légumes verts
- Oeufs de Pâques
- Yaourts aromatisés
- Fromage industriel aromatisé
- Crèmes glacées
- Confiseries
- Confitures
- Assaisonnements
- Soupes
- Chewing-gums
- Certains spiritueux
- Desserts
- Produits transformés à base de pomme de terre
- Poissons fumés
- BRSA
- Sauces telles que chutney
- Moutarde
- Confitures
- Gelées
- Marmelades
- Pour rehausser la couleur des petits pois en conserve.
- Boissons
- Boulangerie
- Huiles
- Graisses
- Produits laitiers
- Viande
- Fruits de mer
- Snacks
- Mélanges secs
- Assaisonnements
- Préparation de fruits
- Aliments pratiques et aromatisés.
Autres que les aliments ou peut-on la retrouver
Il est employé dans les domaines médical, pharmaceutique et en cosmétique sous l’appellation CI 44090.
- Anodisation
- Produits de beauté
- Médicaments
- Savons
Médical
Utilisé en ophtalmologie, avec la fluorescéine et le rose bengal, pour diagnostiquer des troubles de la cornée.
Additifs similaires
| Colorants Vert | Colorants Vert | Colorants Vert | Colorants Vert |
| E141i | E140 | E143 | E141ii |
| Complexes cupriques de chlorophyllines | Chlorophylles | Vert solide FCF | Sels de sodium et de potassium de complexes cupriques de chlorophyllines |
Remplacement naturel possible
- du jus d’épinards,
- de la menthe,
- de la spiruline (donne un beau vert bleuté),
- de l’ afa, une algue bleu vert, (donne un beau vert bleuté),
- du thé matcha, (donne un vert tirant un peu vers le jaune),
- de la poudre de jus d’orge (très riche en chlorophylle)…
- en pâtisserie, de la farine de lentilles pour une mie légèrement verte
- en boulangerie; du pesto pour une mie vert-jaune
- La pistache décortiquée (non salée) une fois mixée grossièrement donne des « grains » d’un beau coloris vert ressemblant à un pralin.
Essais culinaires;
- Epinards
- Broyez les épinards avec un peu d’eau.
- Pressez-les dans une étamine (étoffe légère qui permet de filtrer) et recueillez le jus.
- Chauffez le jus : un gel vert apparaîtra à la surface.
- Recueillez-le avec une écumoire.
- Légumes vertset/ou herbes aromatiques
- Mixez-les finement avec un fond d’eau.
- Passez-la préparation au chinois.
- Chauffez le jus pour faire coaguler la chlorophylle.
NB : une cuillère à café de chlorophylle pour colorer des féculents ou des gâteaux.
- Menthe
- Broyez quelques feuilles de menthe.
- Faites-les cuire dans l’eau.
- Récupérez le jus.
- Thé matcha
- Une pincée suffit.
Autres informations
Les données disponibles sur l’absorption, la distribution, le métabolisme et l’excrétion de Green S montrent que celui-ci est mal absorbé et principalement excrété sous forme inchangée dans les fèces.
L’additif E 142 (Green S) est autorisé en tant qu’additif alimentaire dans l’Union européenne, qui avait déjà été évalué par le Comité mixte FAO / OMS d’experts des additifs alimentaires (JECFA) en 1964 et 1969 sous le nom Wool Green BS, et en 1975 en tant que Green S. Le JECFA a fixé une DJA temporaire de 25 mg / kg pc / jour en 1969, qui a été retirée en 1975. Le CSAH a établi une DJA de 5 mg / kg pc / jour en 1984 sur la base d’un effet sans effet nocif observé. Niveau (DSENO) de 500 mg / kg pc / jour chez le rat (étude non spécifiée).
Source et Bibliographie
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