Conservateur, minéral ou de synthèse, utilisé dans les produits à base de viande, Fromages, viandes transformées non traitées thermiquement, autres charcuteries locales traditionnelles (bacon, filet de bacon, wiltshire bacon, ham, rohschincken, etc.).
Sera interdit dans l’union européenne a partir du 1er janvier 2023.
Connu depuis le moyen-âge sous le nom de salpêtre, avec un aspect de fibres blanches duveteuses, on le trouve entre autres dans les grottes calcaires hébergeant des chauves-souris et d’autres créatures (formation par contact d’excréments avec du calcaire), dans les caves ou maisons humides anciennes (bactéries nourries d’ammoniac issu de l’eau du sol…), dans le guano (engrais issu d’accumulation d’excréments d’oiseaux).
Le salpêtre a une longue histoire dans la fabrication de la poudre à canon (il serait encore utilisé aujourd’hui, notamment combiné au charbon de bois et au soufre, dans la fabrication d’explosifs, de balles pour armes à feu). C’est aussi un des plus vieux conservateurs pour viandes. Il réagit et produit du nitrite puis du monoxyde d’azote qui transforment la myoglobine rouge en un colorant rose typique du jambon, des salamis et du corned beef dans lesquels il est injecté. Commercialement, le nitrate de potassium est aujourd’hui productible selon différents procédés de synthèse, notamment par réaction directe d’acide nitrique concentré avec du chlorure de potassium
Autres noms
| Francais | Anglais |
| Additif nitrate de potassium | Potassium nitrate additive |
| Salpêtre | Saltpetre |
| vesta de poudre. | vesta of powder |
| Nitric acid potassium salt (1:1) | |
| potassium nitrate monohydrate | |
| Salt peter | |
| Vicknite |
Fonction et caractéristiques
Conservateur, fixateur de la couleur
CARACTÉRISTIQUES
Sel de l’acide nitrique combiné à ce métal. Nature minérale. Servent à lutter contre le botulisme.
Utilisations
Pour le soulagement de la sensibilité dentaire, et est également utilisé comme pesticide, insecticide, comme additif alimentaire et rodenticide.
Utilisations détaillées
| # | Category | Category Description |
| 1 | Agricultural | Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops |
| 2 | Agricultural, animal | Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets |
| 3 | Agricultural, consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f |
| 4 | Agricultural, crop | Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops |
| 5 | Antifreezing | Antifreezing agents, or de-icing products |
| 6 | Building_material | Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc. |
| 7 | Chemical, laboratory | Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory |
| 8 | Cleaning_washing | Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; mod |
| 9 | Colorant | Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing; modifiers included when application is known |
| 10 | Construction | General construction (as opposed to those things labeled building_construction); i.e. |
| 11 | Consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f |
| 12 | Drug | Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet if indicated by source |
| 13 | Drug, discontinued | Pharmaceutical related |
| 14 | Electronics, toys, child_use | Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children’s cosmetics, etc) |
| 15 | Explosives | Explosives and pyrotechnics |
| 16 | Explosives, consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f |
| 17 | Extermination, consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f |
| 18 | Facility, photographic | Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs |
| 19 | Feed, animal | Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets |
| 20 | Fertilizer | Fertilizer for consumer or industrial use, and manufacturing of fertilizers |
| 21 | Fertilizer, consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f |
| 22 | Fluid_property_modulator | Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc |
| 23 | Food_additive | Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption |
| 24 | Food_additive, flavor | General flavoring agents used in foods, including condiments and seasonings |
| 25 | Food_additive, meat | Related to the farming of meats (including cattle, poultry, swine), and the manufacturing of meat for human consumption |
| 26 | Food_contact | Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food |
| 27 | Fuel | General fuels, fuel additives, motor/automotive fuels |
| 28 | Fungicide, consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f |
| 29 | Hunting | Related to the activity of hunting |
| 30 | Industrial_manufacturing | |
| 31 | Inert | |
| 32 | Manufacturing | If applied entry is related to the manufacturing process for the product, widely applied, modifiers often included (if not included, no additional information is known) |
| 33 | Manufacturing, agrochemical | Agricultural chemicals used on a variety of crops |
| 34 | Manufacturing, chemical | General term used only when the only information known from the source is ‘chemical,’ typically related to manufacturing of chemicals, or laboratory chemicals |
| 35 | Manufacturing, drug | Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet if indicated by source |
| 36 | Manufacturing, explosives | Explosives and pyrotechnics |
| 37 | Manufacturing, export | Related to manufacturing for export (additional information unknown) |
| 38 | Manufacturing, fertilizer | Fertilizer for consumer or industrial use, and manufacturing of fertilizers |
| 39 | Manufacturing, food | Food for human consumption, does not include food additives (see food_additive); also includes manufacture of food, facilities related to food (with appropriate modifiers) |
| 40 | Manufacturing, machines | Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc |
| 41 | Manufacturing, metals | Related to metals – manufacturing of metals, casting of metals, production of metals, surface treatment of metals, etc |
| 42 | Manufacturing, minerals | Non-metallic mineral products and their manufacture |
| 43 | Manufacturing, pesticide | Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests |
| 44 | Manufacturing, raw_material | Raw materials used in a variety of products and industries (e.g. in cosmetics, chemical manufacturing, production of metals, etc); modifiers included when known to indicate what the raw materials are used for |
| 45 | Personal_care, dental | Products related to dental/oral care and maintenance (toothpaste, toothbrushes, mouthwash), or dentist offices and workers (modified by ‘facility’) |
| 46 | Personal_care, toothpaste | Toothpaste, used for cleaning teeth |
| 47 | Pesticide | Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests |
| 48 | Pesticide, active_ingredient | Active ingredients in a product (often active ingredients in pesticide, if so also tagged with ‘pesticide’) |
| 49 | Pesticide, consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f |
| 50 | Pesticide, inert_ingredient | Inert ingredients in a pesticide |
| 51 | Pesticide, pesticide_conventional | Conventional pesticide; chemical or substance developed or produced primarily or only for use as a pesticide |
| 52 | Pesticide, preservatives | Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc (note food preservatives are also indicated as food_additive) |
| 53 | Photographic | Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs |
| 54 | Process_regulator | Accelerators, activators, oxidation agents, reducing agents, etc |
| 55 | Process_regulator, antioxidant | General antioxidants, application indicated if known |
| 56 | Process_regulator, oxidant | Oxidizing/reducing agents, unknown application |
| 57 | Raw_material | Raw materials used in a variety of products and industries (e.g. in cosmetics, chemical manufacturing, production of metals, etc); modifiers included when known to indicate what the raw materials are used for |
| 58 | Surface_treatment | Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc (surfaces to be applied to often not indicated in source description) |
| 59 | Surface_treatment, metals, hardener | Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc. |
| 60 | Tools, consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) – see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with ‘consumer_use’ |
Toxicité
TRES TOXIQUE
Les risques
À dose importante, risque de méthémoglobinémie (globules rouges inefficaces à transporter l’oxygène). À éviter pour les enfants. Mention officielle : “A éviter aux nourrissons de moins de 3 mois”
En dose élevée, les nitrates formant dans le corps des nitrites mènent à la cyanose, caractérisée par le bleuissement typique des lèvres, des muqueuses et de la peau. Le passage de l’oxygène dans les globules rouges en est diminué ce qui provoque en particulier chez les enfants une insuffisance respiratoire aiguë pouvant conduire à une mort par étouffement (terme technique : méthémoglobinémie). Dans le système digestif, le nitrite formé par le nitrate peut être transformé en nitrosamines cancérigènes. On connaît déjà ce phénomène du nitrate dans l’eau potable. Les nitrosamines peuvent aussi se former lorsqu’on cuit de la charcuterie saumurée avec du fromage.
Une exposition prolongée même à de petites quantités peut provoquer une anémie ou une inflammation des reins, l’ingestion de grandes quantités pouvant entraîner de graves douleurs abdominales et des vomissements, une faiblesse musculaire, des vertiges et un pouls irrégulier.
Effets secondaires
Cancer : Les nitrates et les nitrites sont classés probablement cancérigènes pour l’homme au Centre International de Recherches sur le Cancer (CIRC), et certainement cancérigènes à l’Association pour la Recherche Thérapeutique Anti-Cancéreuse (ARTAC, France).
Dans l’organisme ou déjà lors de la cuisson, les nitrates forment des nitrites formant à leur tour des nitrosamines cancérigènes
Cyanoses : A doses conséquentes ou moindres mais prolongées, les nitrites produits par les nitrates empêchent le transport de l’oxygène dans le sang avec un risque de méthémoglobinémie. Attention particulière aux enfants qui sont plus sensibles que les adultes, on connait aussi le risque de la maladie bleue du nourrisson.
Toxique multiple : La littérature scientifique compilée par le Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS, USA) rapporte divers effets toxiques, reprotoxiques et mutagènes sur des bactéries (E. Coli) et des cobayes en laboratoire. Les hautes doses peuvent provoquer de violentes gastroentérites. Des quantités plus faibles mais prolongées pourraient provoquer de l’hyperactivité, des néphrites, et d’autres complications diverses. Les réactions histaminiques seraient favorisées (l’histamine est un médiateur chimique de l’allergie) . Population plus sensible que la moyenne : les enfants, les nouveaux nés, les femmes enceintes, les personnes âgées, les adultes à l’acidité gastrique réduite, entre autres échantillons. Officiellement, l’EFSA européenne ré-évalue les nitrates en 2017 et ne reconnaît aucune donnée toxicologique interpellante, indiquant notamment que “les études de cancérogénicité (souris/rats) sont négatives”, et que “les niveaux obtenus de méthémoglobine dûs à la conversion nitrate/nitrite sont dans tous les cas insuffisants pour inquiéter”.
RÉSIDUS AUTORISÉS (dits Critères de pureté)
Dosage maximum dans les produits transformés
| DJA (valeur en mg/kg pc/jour) | 3,7 (groupée E251 et E252) |
Canada
Liste des agents de conservation autorisés (Listes des additifs alimentaires autorisés)
| Partie 1 – Agents de conservation de la catégorie 1 | |||
| Article | Colonne 1 Additifs | Colonne 2 Permis dans ou sur | Colonne 3 Limites de tolérance et autre conditions |
| P.1 | Nitrate de potassium | (1) Liant à viande pour saucisse séchée; saucisse semi-séchée; viande conservée et sous-produits de viande conservés, préparés selon des méthodes de salaison lente (Titre 14) | (1) Si le liant à viande est utilisé selon le mode d’emploi donné sur l’étiquette, que le nitrate de potassium soit ajouté seul ou avec du nitrate de sodium, la quantité totale de tels nitrates ainsi ajoutée à chaque lot de saucisse séchée, de saucisse semi-séchée, de viande conditionnée ou conservée, ou de sous-produits de viande conditionnée ou conservée ne doit pas excéder 0,32 once par 100 livres ou 200 parties par million, calculée avant que le produit ne soit fumé, cuit ou fermenté. Si le nitrate de potassium est ajouté dans un liant à viande utilisé dans les viandes conditionnées ou conservées et dans les sous-produits de viande conditionnés ou conservés, il doit être emballé séparément des épices et condiments |
| (2) Saumure et mélange de salaison à sec employés dans le marinage des viandes conservées et des sous-produits de viande conservés, préparés selon des méthodes de salaison lente (Titre 14) | (2) Si la saumure ou le mélange de salaison à sec est utilisé selon le mode d’emploi donné sur l’étiquette, que le nitrate de potassium soit ajouté seul ou avec du nitrate de sodium, la quantité totale de tels nitrates ainsi ajouté à chaque lot de viande conditionnée ou conservée ou de sous-produits de viande conditionnée ou conservée ne doit pas excéder 0,32 once par 100 livres ou 200 parties par million, calculée avant que le produit ne soit fumé, cuit ou fermenté. Si le nitrate de potassium est ajouté dans la saumure ou le mélange de salaison à sec utilisé dans le marinage des viandes conservées et des sous-produits de viande conservés, il doit être emballé séparément des épices et condiments | ||
| (3) Saucisse séchée; saucisse semi-séchée; viande conservée et sous-produits de viande conservés, préparés selon des méthodes de salaison lente (Titre 14) | (3) Si le nitrate de potassium est ajouté seul ou avec du nitrate de sodium, la quantité totale de tels nitrates ajoutée à chaque lot de saucisse séchée, de saucisse semi-séchée, de viande conditionnée ou conservée, ou de sous-produits de viande conditionnée ou conservée ne doit pas excéder 0,32 once par 100 livres ou 200 parties par million, calculée avant que le produit ne soit fumé, cuit ou fermenté. | ||
| (4) Fromage mûri, ne contenant pas plus de 68 % d’humidité calculée sur la matière non-grasse, et dans la fabrication duquel la fermentation de l’acide lactique et le salage sont complétés plus de 12 heures après la coagulation de la caillebotte par des enzymes alimentaires, et à l’extérieur duquel on applique du sel, soit à l’état sec ou sous forme de saumure | (4) S’il est utilisé seul ou avec du nitrate de sodium, le produit contiendra une quantité maximale de 200 p.p.m. du lait et des produits du lait utilisés. Le résidu dans le fromage fini ne devra pas excéder 50 p.p.m. | ||
| (5) Fromage mûri, moulé et emballé sous vide | (5) S’il est utilisé seul ou avec du nitrate de sodium, le produit contiendra une quantité maximale de 200 p.p.m. du lait et des produits du lait utilisés. Le résidu dans le fromage fini ne devra pas excéder 50 p.p.m. |
Liste des additifs alimentaires autorisés ayant d’autres utilisations acceptées(Canada)
Non listé
DSL – Liste intérieure des substances (Canada)
Non listé
Liste des Produits chimiques préoccupants, non règlementé
Non listé
États-Unis
Liste des substances ajoutées aux aliments Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)
| CAS Reg. No.* (or other ID) | Substance* (sorted A-Z) | Used for* (Technical Effect) | 21 CFR* |
| 977124-88-1 | NITRATES, SODIUM & POTASSIUM | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PROPELLANT | 170.60 181.33 |
| 7757-79-1 | POTASSIUM NITRATE | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT | 172.160 181.33 181.34 |
*Definitions
- CAS Reg. No. (or other ID): Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry Number® for the substance or a numerical code assigned by CFSAN to those substances that do not have a CAS Registry Number (977nnn-nn-n series).
- Substance: The name of the ingredient as recognized by CFSAN.
- Used for (Technical Effect): The physical or technical effect(s) the substance has in or on food; see 21 CFR 170.3(o) for definitions.
- 21 CFR: Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
- FEMA No.: The trade association, Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA), has established expert panels to evaluate and make independent determinations on the GRAS status of flavoring substances. The FEMA number is provided here as a reference to FEMA’s GRAS assessments.
- NLFG is no longer FEMA GRAS™.
- For more information about FEMA GRAS, see About the FEMA GRAS™ Program <External Link Disclaimer> .
- JECFA: The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is an international expert scientific committee that is administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). See JECFA Specifications for Flavourings <External Link Disclaimer>
| UNII Code | Active Ingredient | Monograph |
| RU45X2JN0Z | potassium nitrate | menstrual/diure |
Record Name: Potassium nitrate
URL: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB11090
Description: The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.
License Note: Creative Common’s Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
License URL: https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
EUROPE
Listé EINECS(European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances)
Hazard classification & labelling
Warning! According to the classification provided by companies to ECHA in REACH registrations this substance may intensify fire (oxidiser).
About this substance
This substance is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 000 to < 10 000 000 tonnes per annum.
This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses
This substance is used in the following products: fertilisers, cosmetics and personal care products, anti-freeze products and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA)
| Name | Fema Number |
| POTASSIUM ACETATE | 2920 |
| POTASSIUM SORBATE | 2921 |
| POTASSIUM 2-(1′-ETHOXY)ETHOXYPROPANOATE | 3752 |
Avantages
Empêche la croissance des microbes.
Source de l’additif
Origine
Le produit chimique peut être obtenu à partir de matières végétales ou de déchets animaux. Il peut également être synthétisé industriellement par la neutralisation de l’acide nitrique par le chlorure de potassium.
| Végétale | Possible | Animale | Possible | Minérale | Oui | Synthétique | Oui |
Convient aux régimes
| Végétarien | Non | Végétalien | Non | Hallal | Non | Kosher | Non |
| Biologique | Non | Sans gluten | Oui | Sans noix | Oui | Sans œufs | Oui |
A ce jour (2018), le nitrate de potassium E252 et le nitrite de sodium E249 font partie des (rares) additifs très nocifs de la filière bio. Il existe, au niveau officiel, une volonté de les supprimer
Autorisé dans les pays suivants
| Country | Status | Matched Term |
| États-Unis | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| European Union | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Australia and New Zealand | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Philippines | Approved | Potassium Nitrate |
| Autriche | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Belgique | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Bulgarie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Chypre | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| République tchèque | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Danemark | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Estonie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Finlande | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| France | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Allemagne | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Grèce | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Hongrie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Irlande | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Italie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Lettonie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Lituanie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Luxembourg | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Malte | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Pays-Bas | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Pologne | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Portugal | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Roumanie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Slovaquie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Slovénie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Espagne | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Suède | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Royaume-Uni | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Australie | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
| Nouvelle-Zélande | Approved | Potassium nitrate |
Utilisation restreinte
Quantité limité dans certain pays et aliments.
Utilisation interdite
Non identifié
Spécification technique
- CAS Number: 7757-79-1
- EINECS Number: 231-818-8
- Mol. formula: KNO3
Additifs similaires
| Conservateurs | Conservateurs | Conservateurs | Conservateurs |
| E202 | E220 | E250 | E211 |
| Sorbate de potassium | Dioxyde de soufre | Nitrite de sodium | Benzoate de sodium |
Ou peut-on retrouvé
Comme conservateur alimentaire, des nitrates sont insérés dans de nombreux pharmaceutiques, ainsi que dans les produits cosmétiques.
Exemple de catégories de produits alimentaires transformés contenant l’additif
Dosage du salpêtre de cuisine pour les charcuteries (saucisson, lard, jambon, etc) : 0,5g par kilo de viande ou 0,5g par litre pour la saumure.
- Fromage
- Charcuteries
Exemple de produit (open food fact)
Autres applications non alimentaires
Pour le soulagement de la sensibilité dentaire, et est également utilisé comme pesticide, insecticide, comme additif alimentaire et rodenticide
Cosmétiques et soins de la peau
Agent apaisant pour la peau
Ses fonctions (INCI)
Le nitrate de potassium se présente sous la forme de cristaux blancs à saveur piquante puis amère. Il est présent naturellement dans les “nitrières naturelles” en Inde ou en Egypte, mais il est produit industriellement par action du chlorure de potassium sur du nitrate de sodium. On trouve principalement le nitrate de potassium dans les dentifrices destinés à prévenir l’hypersensibilité dentinaire.
Ses fonctions (INCI)
- Agent d’hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)
- Agent apaisant : Aide à alléger l’inconfort de la peau ou du cuir chevelu
Cet ingrédient est présent dans 0.1% des cosmétiques.
Dentifrice adulte (5,76%)
Example de produit cosmétique en contenant:
| Products containing this ingredient |
| New Youth “Sun Care” |
| Age Signes Reverse – Anti-Ageing Immunity Cream |
| Double Youth “Eye Contour” |
| Perfect White Black Sensitive Toothpaste |
| New Youth Anti-Ageing Sun Care Face Cream SPF 50+ |
| Smashbox Primer Water |
| Tarte Pearly Girl Vegan Teeth Whitening Pen |
| Estée Lauder Set + Refresh Perfecting Makeup Mist |
| Organic HairSpa Detox Shampoo |
| MAC Lightful C Marine-Bright Formula Softening Lotion |
| MAC Mineralize Timecheck Lotion |
Pharmaceutique
| toothpaste | 17 products |
| tooth whitening | 2 products |
Autres informations
Si toutes les sources de nitrate alimentaire sont prises en compte (additifs, présence naturelle dans les aliments, contaminants environnementaux), les personnes de tous les groupes d’âge présentant une exposition moyenne à élever sont susceptibles de dépasser le niveau de sécurité. Les nitrates peuvent être convertis en nitrite dans la salive. Or, lors de la digestion, les ions nitrites réagissent avec les acides aminés issus des protéines pour former des nitrosamines. Or 4 de ces substances sont classées cancérogènes probables (avec, en particulier, un risque accru supposé de cancer du côlon). Leur usage intentionnel est donc fortement restreint. Les ions nitrites peuvent également réagir avec le fer pour former du fer nitrosylé, lui aussi promoteur du cancer du côlon. L’Autorité européenne de sécurité alimentaire (Efsa) indique toutefois que les niveaux d’utilisation autorisés sont censés être suffisamment protecteurs. Une consommation élevée de nitrites augmente enfin la méthémoglobinémie, et une vigilance s’impose en particulier chez les enfants forts consommateurs.
Bibliographie
- « Additifs alimentaires, le guide indispensable pour ne plus vous empoisonner » ; Corinne GOUGET, Editions Chariot d’Or, 2013, ISBN 978-2-9118-0669-8. 14e édition de ce best-seller. C. GOUGET s’est fait connaître (et apprécier) tant par son livre que par ses nombreuses apparitions mobilisatrices sur internet (voir notam. youTube).
- « Du poison dans votre assiette ? » ; Cécile Voss, Editions Test-Achats / VSZ, 2000, ISBN 2-930241-18-7.
- « Les additifs alimentaires. Ce que cachent les étiquettes » ; Hélène Barbier Du Vimont, Editions Trédaniel Poche, 2008, ISBN 978-2-84445-860-5.
- «Cancer Mortality and Morbidity Among Rubber Workers.» Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Vol. 61, no. 4, p. 1047-1053.
- 17th report. Toxicological evaluation of some food additives including anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, emulsifiers, and thickening agents. Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 53, 1974. WHO Technical Reports Series, No. 539, 1974; WHO Food Additives Series N.5.
- AFFSA, 2004. Evaluation des risques liés à l‟utilisation du formaldéhyde en alimentation animale. http://www.econologie.info/share/partager2/1292066952xArJ2J.pdf
- Allergy in Practice, By Johannes Ring, page 110
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