Il est utilisé comme additif alimentaire pour la conservation des boissons et n’affecte ni le goût, ni l’odeur, ni la couleur. Bien connu par son nom de marque Velcorin.
Le dicarbonate de diméthyle -DMDC- est un composé organique qui est un liquide incolore avec une odeur piquante à haute concentration à température ambiante. Il est principalement utilisé comme conservateur de boisson, auxiliaire de traitement ou stérilisant -INS n ° 242-, et agit en inhibant les enzymes acétate kinase et acide L-glutamique décarboxylase.
Autres noms
| Francais | Anglais |
| Bicarbonate de diméthyle | Dimethyl pyrocarbonate |
| DMDC | |
| Dicarbonic acid dimethyl ester | |
| Dimethyl dicarbonate | |
| Dimethyl oxydiformate | |
| Methoxycarbonyl methyl carbonate | |
| Velcorin |
Fonction et caractéristiques
Inhibiteur de levure, conservateur. Utilisé dans les boissons aux fruits, les boissons pour sportifs et le vin.
CARACTÉRISTIQUES
Additifs de synthèse qui se présente sous la forme d’un liquide incolore. Il se décompose en méthanol et CO2 lorsqu’il est en présence d’eau.
Utilisations
Agent estérifiant doux. Conservateur pour vins, boissons gazeuses, jus de fruits.
Le DMDC (diméthyl dicarbonate) est un agent de contrôle microbien ayant été appliqué avec succès dans les boissons et l’industrie du vin depuis plus de 25 ans.
Autorisé seulement dans les boissons aromatisées sans alcool, les vins et les vins sans alcool et le concentré liquide de thé. Autorisé dans les boissons à une hauteur maximale de 250 mg/litres.
Toxicité
Le méthanol est naturellement présent dans le corps humain, les animaux, les plantes et les aliments. Cependant, à hautes doses, il est toxique, c’est pourquoi la quantité de Dicarbonate de diméthyle est limité à 250 mg par litres
Les risques
Le produit à l’état pur est corrosif au niveau cutané et oculaire et il est toxique en cas d’inhalation ou d’ingestion. Il doit être manipulé selon un certain protocole et avec précaution.
Effets secondaires
Le E242 est un additif de synthèse autorisé comme conservateur dans certaines boissons. Il se décompose intégralement en méthanol et dioxyde de carbone et/ou réagit pour former d’autres composés. Le méthanol est un neurotoxique
RÉSIDUS AUTORISÉS (dits Critères de pureté)
Il a été considéré comme un auxiliaire technologique mais il devrait à présent figurer sur la liste des ingrédients comme les autres additifs.
Dosage maximum dans les produits transformés
Information non disponible
Liste des agents de conservation autorisés (Listes des additifs alimentaires autorisés) (Canada)
| Partie 3 – Agents de conservation de la catégorie 3 | |||
| Article | Colonne 1 Additifs | Colonne 2 Permis dans ou sur | Colonne 3 Limites de tolérance et autre conditions |
| D.1 | Dicarbonate de diméthyle | (1) Boissons non alcoolisées à base d’eau non normalisées | (1) 250 p.p.m. |
| (2) Vin | (2) 200 p.p.m. |
Liste des additifs alimentaires autorisés ayant d’autres utilisations acceptées(Canada)
Non listé
DSL – Liste intérieure des substances (Canada)
| Liste ou groupe: | Résultats de catégorisation de la liste intérieure des substances |
| Numéro d’identification: | 4525-33-1 |
| Numéro d’identification (2): | |
| Nom de la substance: | Dicarbonate de diméthyle |
| Information additionnelle: | Ne rencontre pas les critères en vertu du paragraphe 73(1) de la Loi canadienne sur la protection de l’environnement (1999) (LCPE). Pour de plus amples renseignements, veuillez consulter la page web sur la Catégorisation de substances chimiques et les Résultats détaillés de la catégorisation de la liste intérieure des substances qui se trouvent dans les Données ouvertes. |
| Publication(s) récente(s): | Loi canadienne sur la protection de l’environnement : catégorisation des substances existantes |
| Date de publication: | 2006-09-14 |
| Liste ou groupe: | Liste intérieure des substances (LIS) |
| Numéro d’identification: | 4525-33-1 |
| Numéro d’identification (2): | |
| Nom de la substance: | Dicarbonate de diméthyle |
| Information additionnelle: | Cette substance est inscrite sur la LIS. Les substances qui ne figurent pas sur cette liste doivent être déclarées en vertu du Règlement sur les renseignements concernant les substances nouvelles (substances chimiques et polymères) ou Règlement sur les renseignements concernant les substances nouvelles (organismes) afin que les risques pour la santé et l’environnement puissent être évalués avant que la substance ne soit fabriquée ou importée au Canada au-delà des seuils de quantité. Cette substance a été ajoutée à la LIS en tant que substance ‘existante’, c. à d. en commerce au Canada de 1984 à 1986 et non assujetties au Règlement sur les renseignements concernant les substances nouvelles. |
| Publication(s) récente(s): | Gazette du Canada Partie II, vol. 128, no. 9, le 04 mai 1994, DORS/94-311 |
| Date de publication: | 1994-05-04 |
Liste des Produits chimiques préoccupants, non règlementé
Non listé
Liste des substances ajoutées aux aliments Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)
–
DIMETHYL DICARBONATE
| CAS Reg. No. (or other ID)*: | 4525-33-1 |
| Substance: | DIMETHYL DICARBONATE |
| Other Names: | ♦ DIMETHYL DICARBONATE ♦ DIMETHYL PYROCARBONATE ♦ DICARBONIC ACID, DIMETHYL ESTER ♦ FORMIC ACID, OXYDI-, DIMETHYL ESTER ♦ DIMETHYL OXYDIFORMATE ♦ METHYL PYROCARBONATE |
| Used for (Technical Effect): | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT |
| Food additive and GRAS regulations (21 CFR Parts 170-186): | 172.133 |
*Definitions
- CAS Reg. No. (or other ID): Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry Number® for the substance or a numerical code assigned by CFSAN to those substances that do not have a CAS Registry Number (977nnn-nn-n series).
- Substance: The name of the ingredient as recognized by CFSAN.
- Used for (Technical Effect): The physical or technical effect(s) the substance has in or on food; see 21 CFR 170.3(o) for definitions.
- 21 CFR: Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
- FEMA No.: The trade association, Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA), has established expert panels to evaluate and make independent determinations on the GRAS status of flavoring substances. The FEMA number is provided here as a reference to FEMA’s GRAS assessments.
- The GRAS Pub. No. is the FEMA GRAS™ publication number.
- NLFG is no longer FEMA GRAS™.
- For more information about FEMA GRAS, see About the FEMA GRAS™ Program <External Link Disclaimer> .
- JECFA: The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is an international expert scientific committee that is administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). See JECFA Specifications for Flavourings <External Link Disclaimer>
OTC Active Ingredients
Non listé
Title 21
| TITLE 21–FOOD AND DRUGS |
| CHAPTER I–FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES |
| SUBCHAPTER B – FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) |
PART 172 — FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart B – Food Preservatives
| Sec. 172.133 Dimethyl dicarbonate. |
| Dimethyl dicarbonate (CAS Reg. No. 4525-33-1) may be safely used in food in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The additive meets the following specifications: (1) The additive has a purity of not less than 99.8 percent as determined by the following titration method: principles of method Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) is mixed with excess diisobutylamine with which it reacts quantitatively. The excess amine is backtitrated with acid. apparatus 250-milliliter (mL) Beaker 100-mL Graduate cylinder 25-mL Pipette 10-mL Burette (automatic, eg., Metrohm burette) Stirrer Device for potentiometric titration Reference electrode Glass electrode reagents Acetone, analytical-grade Solution of 1 N diisobutylamine in chlorobenzene, distilled 1 N Acetic Acid procedure Accurately weigh in about 2 grams of the sample (W) and dissolve in 100 mL acetone. Add accurately 25 mL of the 1 N diisobutylamine solution by pipette and allow to stand for 5 minutes. Subsequently, titrate the reaction mixture potentiometrically with 1 N hydrochloric acid (consumption=a mL) while stirring. For determining the blank consumption, carry out the analysis without a sample (consumption=b mL). calculation |
Listé EINECS(European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances)
Dimethyl dicarbonate
Substance identity
- EC / List no.: 224-859-8
- CAS no.: 4525-33-1
- Mol. formula: C4H6O5
Hazard classification & labelling
Danger! According to the classification provided by companies to ECHA in CLP notifications this substance is fatal if inhaled, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, is harmful if swallowed, is harmful in contact with skin, causes serious eye damage and is a flammable liquid and vapour.
about INFOCARD – Last updated: 16/09/2020
Regulatory context
Here you can find all of the regulations and regulatory lists in which this substance appears, according to the data available to ECHA. This substance has been found in the following regulatory activities (directly, or inheriting the regulatory context of a parent substance):
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REACH – Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals Regulation
Substances predicted as likely to meet criteria for category 1A or 1B carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive toxicity.
Substances indicated, in 2009, as being intended to be registered by at least one company in the EEA.
CLP – Classification, Labelling and Packaging
Substances for which classification and labelling data have been notified to ECHA by manufacturers or importers. Such notifications are required for hazardous substances, mixtures, or articles, manufactured or imported at over 1 kg per annum.
Previous Legislations
Substances listed in the EINECS, ELINCS, or NLP inventories.
Substance names and other identifiers
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Regulatory process names
Dimethyl decarbonate ; EC Inventory
dimethyl decarbonate Pre-Registration process
IUPAC names
Dimethyl decarbonate ; C&L Inventory, Other
dimethyl decarbonate C&L Inventory, Other
Other identifiers
4525-33-1 ; EC Inventory, C&L Inventory, Pre-Registration process
Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA)
Avantages
Empêche la croissance des microbes.
Source de l’additif
Le dicarbonate de diméthyle (DMDC) ou pyrocarbonate de diméthyle est un composé organique de la famille des esters de carbonate.
Origine
| Végétale | Non | Animale | Non | Minérale | Non | Synthétique | Oui |
Convient aux régimes
| Végétarien | Oui | Végétalien | Oui | Hallal | Oui | Kosher | Oui |
| Biologique | Non | Sans gluten | Oui | Sans noix | Oui | Sans œufs | Oui |
Autorisé dans les pays suivants
| Country | Status | Matched Term |
| États-Unis | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| European Union | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Australia and New Zealand | Not Permitted | |
| Philippines | Approved | Dimethyl Dicarbonate |
| Autriche | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Belgique | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Bulgarie | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Chypre | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| République tchèque | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Danemark | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Estonie | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Finlande | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| France | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Allemagne | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Grèce | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Hongrie | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Irlande | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Italie | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Lettonie | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Lituanie | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Luxembourg | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Malte | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Pays-Bas | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Pologne | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Portugal | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Roumanie | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Slovaquie | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Slovénie | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Espagne | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Suède | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Royaume-Uni | Approved | Dimethyl dicarbonate |
| Australie | Not Permitted | |
| Nouvelle-Zélande | Not Permitted |
Utilisation restreinte
| Country | Status | Matched Term |
| États-Unis | Matching Terms Not Found |
Utilisation interdite
| Country | Status | Matched Term |
| Philippines | Not Permitted | |
| Australie | Not Permitted | |
| Nouvelle-Zélande | Not Permitted |
Spécification technique
- CAS 004-525-33-1
- Formule moléculaire; (CH3OCO)2O
- EINECS Number: 224-859-8
Additifs similaires
| Conservateurs | Conservateurs | Conservateurs | Conservateurs |
| E202 | E220 | E250 | E211 |
| Sorbate de potassium | Dioxyde de soufre | Nitrite de sodium | Benzoate de sodium |
Ou peut-on retrouvé
- Jus de fruits
- Bières
- Vins
Exemple de catégories de produits alimentaires transformés contenant l’additif
- Boissons aromatisées sans alcool
- Vins sans alcool
- Boissons énergétiques
- Cidre
- Le poiré
- Vins aromatisés
- Concentré liquide de thé
- Boissons alcoolisées et les spiritueux ayant un degré alcoolique < 15% vol.
Exemple de produit (open food fact)
Quantité autorisée dans les boissons
Quantité Autorisée dans les Aliments
Les doses maximales pouvant être incorporées, selon le Codex Alimentarius, varient de 200 à 250 mg/kg suivant les catégories de produits.
Cela n’implique pas que l’additif est systématiquement ajouté dans ces produits.
| Type d’Aliment | Dose Maximale Autorisée | Note |
| Cidre et poiré | 250 mg/kg | En tant que concentration ajoutée: résidus non détectés dans les aliments prêts à consommer. |
| Café et succédanés de café, thé, infusions et autres boissons chaudes à base de céréales et de grains, à l’exception du cacao | 250 mg/kg | En tant que concentration ajoutée: résidus non détectés dans les aliments prêts à consommer. |
| Vins | 200 mg/kg | En tant que concentration ajoutée: résidus non détectés dans les aliments prêts à consommer. |
| Hydromel | 200 mg/kg | En tant que concentration ajoutée: résidus non détectés dans les aliments prêts à consommer. |
| Boissons à base d’eau aromatisée, incluant les boissons pour sportifs et les boissons « énergétiques » ou « électrolytes », et les boissons concentrées | 250 mg/kg | En tant que concentration ajoutée: résidus non détectés dans les aliments prêts à consommer. |
| Vins (produit à l’aide d’autres fruits que le raisin) | 250 mg/kg | En tant que concentration ajoutée: résidus non détectés dans les aliments prêts à consommer. |
Autres applications non alimentaires
| # | Category | Category Description |
| 1 | Appliance, lawn_garden | Products used outside the home (includes outdoor toys such as sandboxes, canopies and shelters, garden statues, outdoor lighting and seating, outdoor power equipment, etc |
| 2 | Batteries | Household or automotive batteries; only assigned when battery is specifically indicated by the source (e.g., ‘electronics’ likely contain batteries, bu |
| 3 | Building_material | Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc. |
| 4 | Construction | General construction (as opposed to those things labeled building_construction); i.e. |
| 5 | Consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f |
| 6 | Electronics | Consumer electronic equipment of all types, including phones, computers, cameras etc. |
| 7 | Electronics, batteries | Household or automotive batteries; only assigned when battery is specifically indicated by the source (e.g., ‘electronics’ likely contain batteries, bu |
| 8 | Electronics, batteries, consumer_use | Term applied when the only information the source indicates is ‘consumer’ or ‘consumer product’ ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f |
| 9 | Electronics, ears | Products used on the ears (e.g. headphones, headsets, earplugs); note does not include ear drops, lotions, etc |
| 10 | Fuel | General fuels, fuel additives, motor/automotive fuels |
| # | Category | Category Description |
| 11 | Industrial_manufacturing | |
| 12 | Manufacturing, chemical | General term used only when the only information known from the source is ‘chemical,’ typically related to manufacturing of chemicals, or laboratory chemicals |
| 13 | Manufacturing, coal | Related to coal products, specifically related to manufacturing or mining |
| 14 | Manufacturing, oil | Crude oil, crude petroleum, refined oil products, fuel oils, drilling oils |
| 15 | Manufacturing, paint | Various types of paint for various uses, modifiers included when more information is known |
| 16 | Manufacturing, plastics | Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives (modifiers included when known) |
| 17 | Manufacturing, raw_material | Raw materials used in a variety of products and industries (e.g. in cosmetics, chemical manufacturing, production of metals, etc); modifiers included when known to indicate what the raw materials are used for |
| 18 | Paint | Various types of paint for various uses, modifiers included when more information is known |
| 19 | Process_regulator | Accelerators, activators, oxidation agents, reducing agents, etc |
| 20 | Solvent | Paint removers, graffiti removers, or general solvents |
Cosmétiques et soins de la peau
Ses fonctions (INCI)
- Masquage
- Propergol
- Solvant
Example de produit cosmétique en contenant:
| Name | Technology | Supplier | Docs & Support | Artec Chemical DMC | Solvents Carriers Fragrances |
| Nom | La technologie | Fournisseur | Documents et assistance | Artec Chemical DMC | Transporteurs de solvants Parfums |
Pharmaceutique
Aucun produit identifié
Autres informations
Dans les vins, il remplace le dioxyde de soufre, un allergène commun, en éliminant les levures telles que les brettanomyce
Il a également été proposé que le DMDC inhibe les enzymes alcool déshydrogénase et glycéraldéhyde 3-phosphate déshydrogénase en provoquant la méthoxycarbonylation de leurs composants histidine.
Bibliographie
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Commission des Communautés Européennes, «Directive 2008/84/CE de la commission du 27 août 2008 portant établissement de critères de pureté spécifiques pour les additifs alimentaires autres que les colorants et les édulcorants», dans Journal officiel de l’Union européenne, no L 253, 20 septembre 2008, p. 1-175 [texte intégral (page consultée le 03/10/2008. )
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