Le méthylparabène est un produit chimique appelé p-hydroxybenzoate de méthyle. Il est produit par estérification au méthanol de l'acide p-hydroxybenzoïque en présence d'acide sulfurique, suivie d'une distillation

Le méthylparaben est un ester 4-hydroxybenzoate résultant de la condensation formelle du groupe carboxy de l'acide 4-hydroxybenzoic avec le méthanol. C'est l'antimicrobien le plus fréquemment utilisé dans les cosmétiques. Il est présent naturellement dans plusieurs fruits, en particulier chez les bleuets. Il a un rôle en tant que métabolite végétal, un agent de conservation des aliments antimicrobiens, un agent neuroprotecteur et un agent antifongique.

Ce produit chimique appartient à la famille des parabènes, composant entre autres de cosmétiques et de pharmaceutiques. Voir aussi l'éthylparabène E214.

E214;

L'éthylparabène est utilisé pour ses propriétés antifongiques et antibactériennes. On le trouve dans les produits pharmaceutiques et de nombreux cosmétiques. Souvent présent dans des liquides sucrés tel que des sirops, aromatisant et médicinal. Officiellement, l'ensemble des parabènes sont listés comme conservateurs au Codex alimentarius.

Un parabène est une molécule artificielle dont la molécule de base est l’acide para-hydroxybenzoïque, un dérivé de l'acide benzoique, elle existe dans plusieurs aliments comme l’orge, la fraise, le cassis, certains raisins mais la toxicité de cette molécule ne serait pas du tout la même que celle de ses dérivés.

Variantes E xxx :

• E209 – Heptyl parabène, Hydroxybenzoate d'hepthyle (para-)
• E214 – Ethylparabène, Hydroxybenzoate d'éthyle (para-)
• E215 – Ethylparabène sodique, Hydroxybenzoate d'éthyle sodique (para-)
• E216 – Propylparabène, Hydroxybenzoate de propyle (para-)
• E217 – Propylparabène sodique, Hydroxybenzoate de propyle sodique (para-)
• E218 – Méthylparabène, Hydroxybenzoate de méthyle (para-)
• E219 – Méthylparabène sodique, Hydroxybenzoate de méthyle sodique (para-)

Autres noms

Francais	Anglais
parahydroxybenzoate de méthyle	Methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
Méthylparabène sodique	Methylparaben
Hydroxybenzoate de méthyle sodique (para-)	Tegosept M
4-Hydroxybenzoate de méthyle	Nipagine M
	Mycocten

Fonction et caractéristiques

Conservateur de la famille des parabènes.

Utilisations

Usage dans les cosmétiques, parfums, déodorants… . Souvent utilisé dans des liquides sucrés. Présent dans de nombreux médicaments (sirops).

Utilisations détaillés

gid	category	srcid	cids	catogorydesc
46772539	Adhesive	22	7456	General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
46772488	Adhesive, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772604	Adhesive, electronics	22	7456	Consumer electronic equipment of all types, including phones, computers, cameras etc. and related electronic componenets (motherboards, software, chargers)
46772591	Adhesive, water_based, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772546	Agricultural	22	7456	Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
46772474	Agricultural, animal	22	7456	Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
46772596	Agricultural, crop	22	7456	Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
46772583	Air_fresheners, fragrance, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772529	Antistatic	22	7456	For prevention and removal of static
46772536	Apparel, arts_crafts	22	7456	Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.
46772558	Arts_crafts	22	7456	Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.
46772592	Arts_crafts, child_use, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772499	Arts_crafts, drawing	22	7456	Drawing supplies (i.e. part of arts_crafts)
46772572	Arts_crafts, paint	22	7456	Various types of paint for various uses, modifiers included when more information is known
46772519	Arts_crafts, paper	22	7456	Related to the manufcturing of pulp or paper products, or paper products in general
46772531	Automotive_care	22	7456	Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
46772585	Automotive_care, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772503	Beverage, food_service	22	7456	Related to food and beverage service activities
46772502	Beverage, juice	22	7456	Subcategory of beverage, food for human consumption
46772542	Building_construction	22	7456	Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
46772588	Building_material, glass, colorant, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772482	Child_use	22	7456	Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
46772483	Cleaning_washing	22	7456	Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; modifiers included when specific information is known, such as drycleaning, laundry, soap, window/floor, etc
46772545	Cleaning_washing, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772580	Cleaning_washing, detergent	22	7456	Detergents with wide variety of applications; modifiers included when known
46772577	Cleaning_washing, flooring	22	7456	Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
46772485	Cleaning_washing, machines, dishwashing	22	7456	Related to dishwashing products (soaps, rinsing agents, softeners, etc)
46772589	Cleaning_washing, stain_remover	22	7456	Stain and spot removers
46772480	Cleaning_washing, stain_remover, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772637	Cleaning_washing, textile	22	7456	Textiles used for clothing or furniture upholstery, processes related to textiles (e.g. softeners, antiwrinkle agents), or the processing/manufacturing of textiles
46772532	Cleaning_washing, textile, detergent	22	7456	Detergents with wide variety of applications; modifiers included when known
46772543	Cleaning_washing, tools, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772487	Colorant	22	7456	Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing; modifiers included when application is known
46772469	Colorant, consumer_use, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772615	Construction	22	7456	General construction (as opposed to those things labeled building_construction); i.e. when source only indicates "construction," construction of roads, or engineering
46772582	Consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772471	Decor	22	7456	Decorations, including items such as shower curtains, wall coverings, curtains, lamps, frames, patio and garden decor, etc
46772595	Detergent	22	7456	Detergents with wide variety of applications; modifiers included when known
46772478	Drug	22	7456	Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet if indicated by source
46772599	Drug, antiinflammatory	22	7456	Pharmaceutical related
46772520	Drug, dietary_supplement	22	7456	Pharmaceutical related
46772470	Drug, inactive_ingredient	22	7456	Pharmaceutical related
46772551	Drug, veterinary	22	7456	Veterinary activities or veterinary drugs (modified by "drug")
46772484	Drug, veterinary, pet	22	7456	General term for pet related products, pet food, cleaning of pets, etc
46772554	Electronics, batteries	22	7456	Household or automotive batteries; only assigned when battery is specifically indicated by the source (e.g., "electronics" likely contain batteries, but if not specifically indicated as such by the source, then the "batteries" term would not be applied)
46772634	Electronics, batteries, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772498	Electronics, writing	22	7456	Materials and agents for writing, including correction materials, writing inks
46772510	Facility, food_production	22	7456	Related to food production (restaurants, catering, etc)
46772512	Facility, food_service	22	7456	Related to food and beverage service activities
46772605	Facility, hair, salon	22	7456	Tanning salong or hair salon (modifiers included)
46772602	Facility, salon, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772581	Feed, animal, pet	22	7456	General term for pet related products, pet food, cleaning of pets, etc
46772561	Fluid_property_modulator	22	7456	Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
46772517	Food_additive	22	7456	Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
46772559	Food_additive, preservatives	22	7456	Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc (note food preservatives are also indicated as food_additive)
46772553	Food_contact	22	7456	Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
46772618	Food_contact, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772537	Food_service	22	7456	Related to food and beverage service activities
46772540	Fragrance	22	7456	Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products; usage indicated when known; more specific modifiers included when known
46772568	Fragrance, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772630	Fungicide, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772527	Hunting	22	7456	Related to the activity of hunting
46772556	Industrial, cleaning_washing	22	7456	Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; modifiers included when specific information is known, such as drycleaning, laundry, soap, window/floor, etc
46772569	Industrial_manufacturing	22	7456	NULL
46772632	Inert	22	7456	NULL
46772535	Lubricant	22	7456	Generic lubricants, lubricants for engines, brake fluids, oils, etc (does not include personal care lubricants)
46772584	Manufacturing, beverage	22	7456	Beverages for human consumption (e.g., juice, water, alcohol), or related to beverages for human consumption (e.g. machinery for production of beverages, or facilities serving beverages)
46772570	Manufacturing, chemical	22	7456	General term used only when the only information known from the source is "chemical," typically related to manufacturing of chemicals, or laboratory chemicals
46772515	Manufacturing, cleaning_washing, polish	22	7456	Car wax/polish, floor wax, general polishing agents, polish for metals, plastics, rubber, lacquers, leather, furniture, etc
46772522	Manufacturing, detergent	22	7456	Detergents with wide variety of applications; modifiers included when known
46772616	Manufacturing, drug	22	7456	Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet if indicated by source
46772508	Manufacturing, export	22	7456	Related to manufacturing for export (additional information unknown)
46772518	Manufacturing, food	22	7456	Food for human consumption, does not include food additives (see food_additive); also includes manufacture of food, facilities related to food (with appropriate modifiers)
46772511	Manufacturing, machines	22	7456	Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc
46772563	Manufacturing, machines, beverage	22	7456	Beverages for human consumption (e.g., juice, water, alcohol), or related to beverages for human consumption (e.g. machinery for production of beverages, or facilities serving beverages)
46772586	Manufacturing, machines, cigarettes	22	7456	Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
46772575	Manufacturing, machines, food	22	7456	Food for human consumption, does not include food additives (see food_additive); also includes manufacture of food, facilities related to food (with appropriate modifiers)
46772566	Manufacturing, metals	22	7456	Related to metals - manufacturing of metals, casting of metals, production of metals, surface treatment of metals, etc
46772524	Manufacturing, paint	22	7456	Various types of paint for various uses, modifiers included when more information is known
46772538	Manufacturing, personal_care	22	7456	Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
46772514	Manufacturing, personal_care, cosmetics, perfume	22	7456	Fragrance used as a personal care product
46772496	Manufacturing, soap	22	7456	Soaps, includes personal care products for cleansing the hands or body, and soaps/detergents for cleaning products, homes, etc
46772479	Paint	22	7456	Various types of paint for various uses, modifiers included when more information is known
46772550	Paint, water_based	22	7456	Modifier included when source indicates the product is water based
46772608	Paraben	22	7456	Class of chemicals typically used as preservatives in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals
46686562	Personal care: eye liner; liquid	22	7456	Eye liners or brow coloring products (liquid or gel formulation specified)
46686173	Personal care: face cream/moisturizer	22	7456	Moisturizers, lotions, and creams for primarily treating the face (excluding eye-specific products)
46686174	Personal care: face scrub	22	7456	Facial cleansing products containing exfoliating particles (excluding products for acne)
46686176	Personal care: foot care	22	7456	Miscellaneous products for application to feet, including scrubs, lotions, and deodorants
46686175	Personal care: hair conditioner; leave-in	22	7456	Leave-in everyday hair conditioners and detanglers
46686178	Personal care: hair styling; mousse	22	7456	Foaming hair styling products
46686177	Personal care: hair styling; powder	22	7456	NULL
46686171	Personal care: hand/body lotion	22	7456	Lotions and creams primarily for hands and body
46686560	Personal care: hand/body lotion; gel	22	7456	NULL
46686172	Personal care: toothpaste	22	7456	Toothpastes and dentrifices
46772528	Personal_care	22	7456	Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
46772620	Personal_care, bath	22	7456	General term used only when enough information is not provided to assign a more specific beauty/cosmetics/personal_care related term
46772576	Personal_care, cosmetics	22	7456	Subcategory of personal_care, includes fragrances, shampoos, make-up, etc.; appropriate modifiers included when known
46772501	Personal_care, cosmetics, baby_use	22	7456	Products specifically designed for use by babies (includes diapers, baby toys, baby clothing, baby food, etc., with appropriate modifiers)
46772625	Personal_care, cosmetics, bath	22	7456	General term used only when enough information is not provided to assign a more specific beauty/cosmetics/personal_care related term
46772631	Personal_care, cosmetics, bath, baby_use	22	7456	Products specifically designed for use by babies (includes diapers, baby toys, baby clothing, baby food, etc., with appropriate modifiers)
46772507	Personal_care, cosmetics, body	22	7456	Personal care products for general use on the body (body makeup, body powder, body treatments, body cleansers)
46772486	Personal_care, cosmetics, body, powder	22	7456	Modifier used when source indicates product is powder based
46772636	Personal_care, cosmetics, conditioner, hair	22	7456	General products related to the hair (hair tools, hair salons, shampoo, conditioner, hair dye); more specific modifiers included when known
46772617	Personal_care, cosmetics, cream, colorant, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772541	Personal_care, cosmetics, deodorant	22	7456	Personal hygiene deodorant products
46772623	Personal_care, cosmetics, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772506	Personal_care, cosmetics, exfoliator	22	7456	Related to exfoliation of the body, i.e. personal care product
46772489	Personal_care, cosmetics, eye	22	7456	General term for personal care products related to the eye (e.g. eye care products)
46772530	Personal_care, cosmetics, face	22	7456	Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
46772573	Personal_care, cosmetics, foot	22	7456	Related to foot care (e.g. personal care products for feet); does not include footwear
46772619	Personal_care, cosmetics, fragrance	22	7456	Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products; usage indicated when known; more specific modifiers included when known
46772494	Personal_care, cosmetics, hair	22	7456	General products related to the hair (hair tools, hair salons, shampoo, conditioner, hair dye); more specific modifiers included when known
46772594	Personal_care, cosmetics, hair, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772609	Personal_care, cosmetics, hair_dye	22	7456	Hair dye, to color the hair
46772627	Personal_care, cosmetics, hair_removal	22	7456	Related to hair removal on the body (shaving products, waxing products, trimmers/clippers)
46772603	Personal_care, cosmetics, hair_removal, cream	22	7456	Personal care products, including scouring cream, hand creams, shaving cream, and tanning cream
46772557	Personal_care, cosmetics, hand, cream	22	7456	Personal care products, including scouring cream, hand creams, shaving cream, and tanning cream
46772560	Personal_care, cosmetics, lips	22	7456	Subcategory of personal care and cosmetics, lip care products
46772564	Personal_care, cosmetics, lotion	22	7456	Subcategory of personal care and cosmetics, lotions and moisturizers for consumer use
46772626	Personal_care, cosmetics, lotion, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772597	Personal_care, cosmetics, nails	22	7456	Subcategory of personal care and cosmetics, related to nail products (nail polish, artificial nails)
46772598	Personal_care, cosmetics, perfume	22	7456	Fragrance used as a personal care product
46772500	Personal_care, cosmetics, preservatives	22	7456	Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc (note food preservatives are also indicated as food_additive)
46772590	Personal_care, cosmetics, shampoo, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772491	Personal_care, cosmetics, shampoo, hair	22	7456	General products related to the hair (hair tools, hair salons, shampoo, conditioner, hair dye); more specific modifiers included when known
46772611	Personal_care, cosmetics, soap, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772525	Personal_care, dental	22	7456	Products related to dental/oral care and maintenance (toothpaste, toothbrushes, mouthwash), or dentist offices and workers (modified by "facility")
46772622	Personal_care, feminine_care	22	7456	Tampons, sanitary napkins
46772624	Personal_care, first_aid	22	7456	Consumer use first aid products
46772621	Personal_care, foot	22	7456	Related to foot care (e.g. personal care products for feet); does not include footwear
46772492	Personal_care, sanitizer, hand	22	7456	Personal care products used on the hands, such as soaps, lotions, sanitizers (does not include handwear, i.e. gloves)
46772606	Personal_care, sexual_wellness	22	7456	Personal care products used for sexual wellness or pleasure (e.g. sex toys, massage oils, pleasure gels)
46772475	Personal_care, sexual_wellness, gel, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772497	Personal_care, shower, gel	22	7456	Personal care products indicated in gel form
46772574	Personal_care, skin	22	7456	Personal care products indicated for use on the skin (note applied when source indicates "skin")
46772587	Personal_care, soap	22	7456	Soaps, includes personal care products for cleansing the hands or body, and soaps/detergents for cleaning products, homes, etc
46772534	Personal_care, soap, hand	22	7456	Personal care products used on the hands, such as soaps, lotions, sanitizers (does not include handwear, i.e. gloves)
46772635	Personal_care, sunscreen	22	7456	Sunscreen, used on the skin to protect skin from the sun's rays
46772614	Personal_care, sunscreen, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772533	Personal_care, tools	22	7456	Includes tools used for personal care (e.g. razors, hair dryer, curling iron), tools used for cleaning (mops, brooms), kitchen utensils, power tools (saws, lawn mower), screwdrivers, etc; modifiers included when known
46772601	Personal_care, tools, hair_removal	22	7456	Related to hair removal on the body (shaving products, waxing products, trimmers/clippers)
46772612	Personal_care, wash	22	7456	Personal care products used for washing the face, body, hands, etc
46772544	Personal_care, wash, body	22	7456	Personal care products for general use on the body (body makeup, body powder, body treatments, body cleansers)
46772509	Personal_care, wash, face	22	7456	Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
46772633	Personal_care, wash, hand	22	7456	Personal care products used on the hands, such as soaps, lotions, sanitizers (does not include handwear, i.e. gloves)
46772493	Pesticide	22	7456	Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests
46772549	Pesticide, animal, inert_ingredient	22	7456	Inert ingredients in a pesticide
46772607	Pesticide, biocide, active_ingredient	22	7456	Active ingredients in a product (often active ingredients in pesticide, if so also tagged with "pesticide")
46772638	Pesticide, biocide, non_agricultural	22	7456	Pesticide for non agricultural use
46772571	Pesticide, consumer_use	22	7456	Term applied when the only information the source indicates is "consumer" or "consumer product" ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with "c
46772472	Pesticide, food_additive	22	7456	Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
46772473	Pesticide, inert_ingredient	22	7456	Inert ingredients in a pesticide
46772552	Pesticide, preservatives	22	7456	Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc (note food preservatives are also indicated as food_additive)
46772521	Pesticide, veterinary, pet	22	7456	General term for pet related products, pet food, cleaning of pets, etc
46772523	Pet	22	7456	General term for pet related products, pet food, cleaning of pets, etc
46772593	Photographic	22	7456	Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs
46772490	Polish	22	7456	Car wax/polish, floor wax, general polishing agents, polish for metals, plastics, rubber, lacquers, leather, furniture, etc
46772481	Polish, apparel_care, footwear	22	7456	Shoes, shoe care products, etc.
46772516	Polish, flooring	22	7456	Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
46772526	Polish, leather	22	7456	Leather products, and products/chemicals used in the process of tanning and dressing leather
46772505	Preservatives	22	7456	Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc (note food preservatives are also indicated as food_additive)
46772548	Printing	22	7456	Related to the process of printing (newspapers, books media, etc), printing inks, toners, etc
46772579	Raw_material, personal_care, cosmetics	22	7456	Subcategory of personal_care, includes fragrances, shampoos, make-up, etc.; appropriate modifiers included when known
46772578	Repellent	22	7456	General repellant (such as water repelling agent)
46772600	Sewage_treatment	22	7456	Relating to the disposal and/or treatment of sewage
46772628	Softener	22	7456	Softeners for plastic, rubber, paint, or adhesives, or generic "softeners"
46772610	Sports_equipment	22	7456	Sporting equipment (e.g. soccer balls, basketball rims, fishing rods, tents, boating accessories, fitness equipment, boats/boating equipment, etc)
46772567	Sports_equipment, child_use	22	7456	Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
46686561	Spray	22	7456	Lotions and creams primarily for hands and body (gel and spray or aerosol formulation specified)
46772504	Surface_treatment	22	7456	Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc (surfaces to be applied to often not indicated in source description)
46772513	Tools, personal_care, hair	22	7456	General products related to the hair (hair tools, hair salons, shampoo, conditioner, hair dye); more specific modifiers included when known
46772562	Toys	22	7456	Toys (e.g. dress-up clothes, dolls, playground equipment, bath toys, etc); pet toys; includes additional modifiers when appropriate
46772613	Toys, arts_crafts	22	7456	Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.
46772477	Toys, arts_crafts, drawing	22	7456	Drawing supplies (i.e. part of arts_crafts)
46772555	Toys, baby_use	22	7456	Products specifically designed for use by babies (includes diapers, baby toys, baby clothing, baby food, etc., with appropriate modifiers)
46772495	Toys, child_use	22	7456	Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
46772547	Toys, child_use, detected	22	7456	Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an "ingredient list" for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)
46772476	Toys, lawn_garden	22	7456	Products used outside the home (includes outdoor toys such as sandboxes, canopies and shelters, garden statues, outdoor lighting and seating, outdoor power equipment, etc
46772565	Water_treatment	22	7456	Includes water softeners, lime removers, and the products used in the process of the collection, purification, and distribution of water
46772629	Writing, ink	22	7456	Inks used for printing or writing; modifier included when application is known

Toxicité

Toxique

Toxicité

Voir l'éthylparabène E214

E216 et E217 (version sodique) sont exclus de l'Union Européenne depuis 2006. La directive européenne 2006/52/CE rapporte que l'EFSA a estimé que la DJA (Dose Journalière Admissible) affectée a l'ensemble des parabènes (E214 à E219) ne devrait pas s'appliquer aux parabènes de propyle (E216 et E217), car ceux-ci, à l'inverse des parabènes de méthyle et d'éthyle, avaient des effets sur les hormones sexuelles et les organes reproducteurs mâles des jeunes rats.

Les effets secondaires les mieux communiqués sont aussi les plus légers : réactions allergiques sur un nombre restreint de consommateurs, asthme, urticaire, symptômes cutanéo-muqueux, hyperactivité et une sensibilité croisée à l'aspirine. Mais les parabènes sont aussi des perturbateurs endocriniens, ils activent les récepteurs des œstrogènes, induisant une possible action sur la fertilité et les tumeurs œstrogèno-dépendantes, comme le cancer du sein ; contrairement à ce que l’on croyait, les parabènes ne sont pas entièrement métabolisés et éliminés, mais peuvent s’accumuler intacts, en particulier dans les cellules cancéreuses. Quelques observations interpellantes rapportent des mutagènes, cancérigènes (les parabènes sont notamment listés au nombre des additifs probablement cancérigènes à l'Association pour la Recherche Thérapeutique Anti-Cancéreuse (ARTAC, France)), reprotoxiques. Et dans une moindre mesure comme vecteurs d'obésité, d'excitation et autres effets neurologiques, de vasodilatation. Officiellement, l'EFSA européenne ne reconnaît pas ou peu d'études toxicologiquement interpellantes quant aux para-hydroxybenzates (E214..219) aux dosages utilisés dans l'alimentation transformée, tout en admettant que l'exposition du consommateur européen n'a pas été évaluée adéquatement.

Note; Les aliments conservés par l'acide benzoïque, les benzoates et les p-hydroxybenzoates seraient extrêmement toxiques pour les chats, les restes d'aliments contenant ces produits ne devraient pas leur être donnés.

Réaction allergique

Utilisé comme agent de conservation dans les cosmétiques, mais potentialise les dommages induits par les UV de la peau.

RÉSIDUS AUTORISÉS (dits Critères de pureté)

Cendres sulfatées (≤ 0,05%), acide p-hydroxybenzoïque et acide salicylique (≤ 0,35%, exprimés en acide p-hydroxybenzoïque), arsenic (≤ 3 mg/kg), plomb (≤ 2 mg/kg), mercure (≤ 1 mg/kg)  

Dosage maximum dans les produits transformés

Jusqu'à 10 mg/kg de poids corporel.

Liste des agents de conservation autorisés (Listes des additifs alimentaires autorisés) (Canada)

Partie 1 - Agents de conservation de la catégorie 1
Article	Colonne 1 Additifs	Colonne 2 Permis dans ou sur	Colonne 3 Limites de tolérance et autre conditions
M.2	Méthylparabène	Mêmes aliments que pour le benzoate de p-hydroxyméthyle	Mêmes limites de tolérance que pour le benzoate de p-hydroxyméthyle
P.5	Benzoate de p-hydroxypropyle	(1) Achards (relish); catsup de tomates; confiture de (nom du fruit); confiture de (nom du fruit) avec pectine; confiture de pommes (ou de rhubarbe) et de (nom du fruit); cornichons; gelée de (nom du fruit) avec pectine; jus de (nom du fruit); jus de (nom du fruit) concentré sauf le jus d'orange concentré congelé; jus de (noms des fruits); marmelade d'ananas avec pectine; marmelade de figues avec pectine; marmelade de (nom de l'agrume) avec pectine; mincemeat; pâte de tomates; produits de poisson ou de chair emballés, marinés ou conditionnés à froid par une autre méthode (Titre 21); pulpe de tomates; purée de tomates	(1) 1 000 p.p.m.
		(2) Aliments non normalisés, [à l'exception des préparations non normalisées de a) viande et de sous-produits de viande (Titre 14); b) poisson et chair (Titre 21); et c) viande de volaille et sous-produits de viande de volaille (Titre 22)]	(2) 1 000 p.p.m.

Modification proposée à la Partie 2 de la Liste des agents de conservation autorisés (9 dec 2019)
Article	Colonne 1 additifs	Colonne 2 permis dans ou sur	Colonne 3 Limites de tolérance et autres conditions
M.1	Benzoate de p-hydroxyméthyle (Méthylparabène)	(1) [Retiré, 20AA-MM-JJ, (Voir NOM/ADM-01XX)]
(2) [Retiré, 20AA-MM-JJ, (Voir NOM/ADM-01XX)]
(3) Préparations antimousse	(3) 5 000 p.p.m., calculé en acide p-hydroxybenzoïque. Si l'on emploie n'importe quel mélange de benzoate de p-hydroxypropyle, sel sodique de l'acide p-hydroxyméthyl benzoïque ou sel sodique de l'acide p-hydroxypropyl benzoïque, la quantité totale ne doit pas dépasser 5 000 p.p.m., calculé en acide p-hydroxybenzoïque.
(4) Préparations colorantes aqueuses pour utilisation dans les gommes à mâcher, les boissons non normalisées aromatisées et gazéifiées, les confiseries non normalisées ou les boissons non normalisées concentrées et congelées	(4) Bonnes pratiques industrielles. La quantité totale ne doit pas dépasser 10 p.p.m. dans la boisson finie ou l'aliment fini. Si l'on emploie aussi son sel sodique, la quantité totale ne doit pas dépasser 10 p.p.m., calculée en benzoate de p-hydroxyméthyle.
(5) Préparations colorantes aqueuses pour utilisation dans les marinades	(5) Bonnes pratiques industrielles. La quantité totale ne doit pas dépasser 40 p.p.m. dans l'aliment fini. Si l'on emploie aussi son sel sodique, la quantité totale ne doit pas dépasser 40 p.p.m., calculée en benzoate de p-hydroxyméthyle.
(6) Produits enzymatiques	(6) 5 000 p.p.m., calculé en acide p-hydroxybenzoïque. Si l'on emploie n'importe quel mélange de propylparabène, sel sodique de l'acide p-hydroxyméthyl benzoïque ou sel sodique de l'acide p-hydroxypropyl benzoïque, la quantité totale ne doit pas dépasser 5 000 p.p.m., calculé en acide p-hydroxybenzoïque.

Liste des additifs alimentaires autorisés ayant d'autres utilisations acceptées(Canada)

Non listé

DSL - Liste intérieure des substances (Canada)

Non listé

Liste des additifs autorisés (États-Unis)

Methylparaben (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) - PRES, GRAS/ FS - 184.1490; < 0.1% by wt - Part 150, Art Sw Jelly (150.141) & Preserves (150.161); REG, ZERO - Res in milk from dairy cows treated with mastitis formulations -556.390; Use & Info - 526.820

Liste des substances ajoutés aux aliments Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)

TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGS

CHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

SUBCHAPTER B--FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED)

PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE

Subpart B--Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS

Sec. 184.1490 Methylparaben.

(a) Methylparaben is the chemical methyl p -hydroxybenzoate. It is produced by the methanol esterification of p -hydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid, with subsequent distillation. (b) The ingredient meets the specifications of the "Food Chemicals Codex," 3d Ed. (1981), p. 199, which is incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federalregister/codeoffederalregulations/ibrlocations.html. (c) The ingredient is used as an antimicrobial agent as defined in 170.3(o)(2) of this chapter. (d) The ingredient is used in food at levels not to exceed good manufacturing practices. Current good manufacturing practice results in a maximum level of 0.1 percent in food. (e) Prior sanctions for this ingredient different from the uses established in this regulation do not exist or have been waived. [42 FR 14653, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 5612, Feb. 14, 1984]

TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGS

CHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

SUBCHAPTER B--FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED)

PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Subpart F--Flavoring Agents and Related Substances

Sec. 172.515 Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants.

Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions. (a) They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice. (b) They consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

‘…Methyl p- hydroxybenzoate; methylparaben. ,…

TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGS

CHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

SUBCHAPTER B--FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED)

PART 181 -- PRIOR-SANCTIONED FOOD INGREDIENTS

Subpart B--Specific Prior-Sanctioned Food Ingredients

Sec. 181.23 Antimycotics.

Substances classified as antimycotics, when migrating from food-packaging material shall include: Calcium propionate. Methylparaben (methyl p -hydroxybenzoate). Propylparaben (propyl p -hydroxybenzoate). Sodium benzoate. Sodium propionate. Sorbic acid. [42 FR 14638, Mar. 15, 1977; 42 FR 56728, Oct. 28, 1977]

OTC Active Ingredients

UNII Code	Active Ingredient	Monograph	Sub-category	Panel	Final
A2I8C7HI9T	methylparaben	antifungal		III	310.545(a)(22)(ii)

DrugPortal

METHYLPARABEN

EINECS

Name	EC no.	CAS no.	Description	Molecular Formula
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Public name:   Methylparaben	202-785-7	99-76-3		C8H8O3	Details
Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate IUPAC name:   Methylparaben sodium salt	225-714-1	5026-62-0		C8H8O3.Na	Details

Avantages

Les parabènes permettent de lutter contre le développement de champignons et de nombreuses bactéries.

Source de l’additif

Le méthylparaben est le p-hydroxybenzoate chimique de méthyle. Il est produit par l'estérification du méthanol de l'acide p-hydroxybenzoïque en présence d'acide sulfurique, avec distillation ultérieure (...) (en 184.1490 Methylparaben).

Origine

Synthétique

Les parabènes sont préparés par estérification de cette molécule avec un alcool correspondant en présence d'un catalyseur acide, tel que l'acide sulfurique, et un excès de l'alcool spécifique (ndr.: heptanol, éthanol, n-propanol et méthanol, respectivement pour E209, E214, E216 et E218), l'acide est ensuite neutralisé à la soude caustique.

Ester synthétique d'ethyl de l'acide benzoïque. L'acide benzoïque, les benzoates et les esters d'acide benzoïque sont couramment trouvés dans la plupart des fruits, en particulier les baies. Les canneberges sont une source très riche d'acide benzoïque. En plus des fruits, les benzoates se trouvent naturellement dans les champignons, la cannelle, les clous de girofle et certains produits laitiers (à la suite de la fermentation bactérienne). À des fins commerciales, l'acide benzoïque est préparé chimiquement à partir de toluène, puis estérifié.

Végétale

Non

Animale

Non

Minérale

Non

Synthétique

Oui

Convient aux régimes

Végétarien	Oui	Végétalien	Oui	Hallal	Oui	Kosher	Oui
Biologique	Non	Sans gluten	Oui	Sans noix	Oui	Sans œufs	Oui

Autorisé dans les pays suivants

Country	Status	Matched Term
United States	Approved	Methylparaben (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate)
European Union	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Australia and New Zealand	Approved	Methylparaben or Methyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate

Philippines	Approved	Methyl p-Hydroxybenzoate
Austria	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Belgium	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Bulgaria	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Cyprus	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Czech Republic	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Denmark	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Estonia	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Finland	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
France	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Germany	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Greece	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Hungary	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Ireland	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Italy	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Latvia	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Lithuania	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Luxembourg	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Malta	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Netherlands	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Poland	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Portugal	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Romania	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Slovakia	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Slovenia	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Spain	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Sweden	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
United Kingdom	Approved	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Australia	Approved	Methylparaben or Methyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate
New Zealand	Approved	Methylparaben or Methyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate

Utilisation restreinte

Information non disponible.

Additif interdit

Information non disponible

Spécification technique

Formule :            C₈H₈O₃

CAS :     99-76-3 (no. EINECS 243-171-5)

Additifs similaires

Conservateurs	Conservateurs	Conservateurs	Conservateurs
E202	E220	E250	E211
Sorbate de potassium	Dioxyde de soufre	Nitrite de sodium	Benzoate de sodium

Ou peut-on retrouvé

Aliments, boissons, cosmétiques et pharmaceutiques.

Exemple de produits alimentaires transformés contenant l’additif

Traitement de surface de certaines charcuteries, gelée de certains pâtés, biscuits apéritifs, confiseries sauf chocolat, farine

Exemple d'aliment contenant cet additif Babaria body milk Cafe Valley, Mini Muffins, Blueberry - Cafe Valley  Inc. Cafe Valley, Muffins, Orange Cranberry - Cafe Valley Bakery Calisson - Le Roy René Champagne toast - bath & body works - 236ml Champú - Veckia Champu anticaspa Cheese Coffee Cake - Pleasanthill Ovens Cien classic cream Cluny optimal skin care collage Corn Tortillas - La Banderita Corn Tortillas - Target Stores Corn Tortillas - Verole' crema de ordene crema humectante miel y avena marca nuvel Crema para peinar Funk crema reafirmante goicochea Dove Nutrición Intensiva - 75 ml DoveBody Lotion Dream fresh BB Elgydium dentifrice - Pierre Fabre - 1 Feutres alimentaires (rouge, orange, jaune, vert, bleu, noir) - Scrap cooking - 6 pièces Fresh Mini Black And White Snack Garner body Gel ducha floral velvet experience - Natural honey - 650ml glysomed - 200 ml Health aid aloe vera gel Honolulu by w7 Hydro Pflege Body Lotion Normale Haut - Dove - 400 ml Ice Cream Cake, Vanilla & Chocolate Swirl - Turkey Hill Ipocrate unguent cu extract de galbenele - keops - ROC - 30ml KIEHL'S RAZOR BUMP RELIEF LEITE de aveia sabonete vegetal - davene lemon zesty scrub - clean & clear - 119g Mackinaw Fudge Cake - Arnie's Max Block Sunscreen mekako lait corps mon teint naturel - 400ml miss r�se Natural honey gel hidratante - Revlon Natural Masa Dough, Dry Masa For Tamales - La Guadalupana Nivea Men Active Age - 50 ml Nivea men Nuvel Crema Humectante - Paleta de maquillaje Pecan Spinwheels - Little Debbie - 8,46 OZ (240g) Plaquette Anniversaire - Vahiné - 1 pièce positon Premium Ice Cream Cake, Chocolate & Vanilla - Uncle Harry's Protect gel P'tits décors - Vahiné Red Velvet Cake - Arnie's Saucisson sec au poivre - Galibier - 200 g Saucisson sec Herbes de Provence - Galibier - 200 g Sedal Sirop en cas de Toux - Bonherba Spinwheels, Pastries, Pecan - Little Debbie Sugar Twin, Calorie Free Sweetener - Up Country Naturals Of Vermont  Inc. Sweet'N Low, Zero Calorie Liquid Sweetener - Cumberland Packing Corp. Taco Style White Corn Tortillas - Chi-Chi's Turkey Enchilada Casserole - Perfect Fit Meals Ultimate Black & White Cookies - Entenmann's Urban Muse Eyeshadow Zucrinet Edulcorant liquide 6.67536E+11

Autres applications non alimentaires

Cosmétiques et soins de la peau

On le trouve fréquemment dans les cosmétiques à base d’eau, comme les crèmes, lotions, shampooings et produits de bains, car il est hydrosoluble.

Products with this Ingredient

moisturizer with SPF 60 products moisturizer 48 products beach & sport sunscreen 47 products lipstick 47 products foundation 43 products bronzer/highlighter 37 products mask 34 products mascara 32 products brow liner 29 products eye liner 22 products serums & essences 20 products hair color and bleaching 19 products facial moisturizer/treatment 19 products facial cleanser 19 products facial powder 17 products concealer 15 products lip balm 11 products blush 10 products hand cream 9 products hair styling aide 8 products eye shadow 8 products around-eye cream 6 products styling gel/lotion 6 products toners/astringents 6 products exfoliant/scrub 5 products lip liner 5 products baby sunscreen 5 products makeup primer 4 products body wash/cleanser 4 products mouthwash 4 products hair treatment/serum 4 products other eye makeup 3 products BB cream 3 products shampoo 3 products lip balm with SPF 3 products lip gloss 3 products conditioner 3 products foot moisturizer 3 products makeup remover 3 products CC cream 2 products shaving cream 2 products anti-aging 2 products shaving cream (men's) 2 products sunless tanning 2 products body firming lotion 1 products cuticle treatment 1 products after shave 1 products hair relaxer 1 products eye makeup remover 1 products

Pharmaceutique

Type de médicament ou l’on peut le retrouver

La FDA a approuvé en dec 2019 ; 6181 Medicaments

Exemple de quelques médicaments contenant l’additif;

• Metronidazole
• POLOCAINE
• benzonatate
• Sodium Fluoride
• Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Homatropine Methylbromide
• Nystatin
• Perrigo Benzoyl Peroxide
• Lidocaine Hydrochloride
• Benzonatate
• Arbinoxa
• methylergonovine maleate
• Hydralazine Hydrochloride
• Promethazine with Codeine
• Permapen
• Valproic Acid
• Amantadine Hydrochloride
• OvacePlus
• Amantadine Hydrochloride
• Verapamil Hydrochloride
• Refissa
• Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
• Hycodan
• Pediapred
• PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE
• temazepam
• LIDODERM
• Opana ER
• Carafate
• Loxapine Succinate
• SODIUM SULFACETAMIDE

Autres informations

La fondation David Suzuki rapporte que 75 à 90 pour cent des cosmétiques peuvent contenir des parabènes. Les parabènes sont couramment utilisés comme agent de conservation, et ils pénètrent facilement la peau. La Commission européenne sur la perturbation endocrinienne énumère les parabènes comme substance de catégorie 1, qui s'est avérée être un perturbateur endocrinien. Des parabènes ont également été détectés dans les tumeurs du cancer du sein, ce qui suggère un lien entre eux et le cancer. Parabens vont par les noms suivants: Methylparaben, butylparaben, propylparaben, isobutylparaben, éthylparaben, polyparaben et isobutylparaben.

Article détaillé; FDA les parabens ; Parabens in Cosmetics

Bibliographie

• « Du poison dans votre assiette ? » , Cécile Voss, Editions Test-Achats / VSZ, 2000, ISBN 2-930241-18-7. Test-achats est l'équivalent belge du magazine français "60 millions de consommateurs".
• « Les additifs alimentaires. Ce que cachent les étiquettes » , Hélène Barbier Du Vimont, Editions Trédaniel Poche, 2008, ISBN 978-2-84445-860-5. H.B.dV. est journaliste spécialisée dans le domaine de la santé, de l'écologie et des thérapies naturelles.
• 1 Probablement CIR, Cosmetic Ingredient Review ?
• A guide to the additives in and on our food  (UKFoodGuide.net) , Site privé d'informations sur les additifs alimentaires.
• Additifs alimentaires, le guide indispensable pour ne plus vous empoisonner » , Corinne GOUGET, Editions Chariot d'Or, 2013, ISBN 978-2-9118-0669-8. 14e édition de ce best-seller. C. GOUGET s'est fait connaître (et apprécier) tant par son livre que par ses nombreuses apparitions mobilisatrices sur internet (voir notam. youTube).
• Andersen, HR 2007 : Andersen HR, Lundsbye M, Wedel HV, Eriksson E, Ledin A. Estrogenic personal care products in a greywater reuse system. Water Sci Technol. 2007;56(12):45-9. (PubMed)
• Animal drugs in Japan, http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08331.keg
• Antifungal Agents https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68000935
• Antifungal Agents, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68000935
• Archives of Dermatology, VOL. 104, (1971), P. 286-290 [AP-020135]
• Association pour la Recherche Thérapeutique Anti-Cancéreuse (ARTAC, Fr.) » Prévention » Additifs ; 03-2018.
• Australian Government » Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 1.3.1 ; 12-2012 (liste abrogée, 12-2017).
• Autorités fédérales de la confédération suisse » Liste des additifs alimentaires autorisés ; 12-2012 (lien mort 12-2017).
• Barr L., et al., Measurement of paraben concentrations in human breast tissue at serial locations across the breast from axilla to sternum. J Appl Toxicol, vol. 32, no. 3, pp 219–232, 2012.
• Base de données européenne des ingrédients et additifs cosmétiques. Accès par no. CASNo. d'identification chimique international. Vous trouverez cet identifiant section Description des pages des additifs de www.additifs-alimentaires.net .
• Base de données SCOGS de la FDA; propylparaben; Numéro du rapport SCOGS: 8; Consulté le 17/08/2012. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/fcnDetailNavigation.cfm?rpt=scogsListing&id=261
• Boberg J, Taxvig C, Christiansen S, Hass U Possible endocrine disrupting effects of parabens and their metabolites. Reprod Toxicol. 2010 Sep;30(2):301-12. Epub 2010 Apr 8.
• Boberg J, Taxvig C, Christiansen S, Hass U Possible endocrine disrupting effects of parabens and their metabolites. Reprod Toxicol. 2010 Sep;30(2):301-12. Epub 2010 Apr 8.
• Byford et al, 2002 : Byford JR, Shaw LE, Drew MGB, Pope GS, Sauer MJ, Darbre PD (2002). Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 80:49-60. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/333/description#description
• Byford JR, Shaw LE, Drew MG, Pope GS, Sauer MJ, Darbre PD Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Jan;80(1):49-60.
• Byford JR, Shaw LE, Drew MG, Pope GS, Sauer MJ, Darbre PD Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Jan;80(1):49-60.
• Calafat AM., et al., Urinary concentrations of four parabens in the U.S. Population: NHANES 2005-2006. Environ Health Persp, vol. 118, no. 5, pp 679–685, 2010.
• Canada, LAD : (Loi sur les Aliments et les Drogues), Règlement sur les Aliments et les Drogues, Titre 16 : Additifs alimentaires, Partie II, Additifs alimentaires autorisés comme agents de conservation de la Catégorie II. Lien : http://lois.justice.gc.ca/fr/showdoc/cr/C.R.C.-ch.870/bo-ga:l_Bgb:l_TITRE16//fr#anchorbo-ga:l_B-gb:l_TITRE16 Canada, MPS : Santé Canada, Médicaments et produits de santé, Liste des ingrédients non-médicinaux acceptables : http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/legislation/docs/nmi-imn_list5-fra.php) CIR, 2006 : Cosmetics Ingredient Review, Quick reference table (consulté en février 2009. Note : les rapports d’évaluation complets par ingrédient ne sont pas accessibles gratuitement) Lien : http://www.cirsafety.org/staff_files/pdf4.pdf
• Centre for Science in the Public Interest
• Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer (CIRC/OMS) » Monographies , A ce jour le CIRC évalue les risques cancérigènes au choix par ordre alphabétique des produits, par leur no. CAS officiel, par leurs risques 1, 2A, 2B, ou 3, ou encore par organe cible. Nota : Un composé non listé n'est pas nécessairement inoffensif, les listes sont mises à jour ponctuellement.
• Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer (CIRC/OMS) » Monographies , A ce jour le CIRC évalue les risques cancérigènes au choix par ordre alphabétique des produits, par leur no. CAS officiel, par leurs risques 1, 2A, 2B, ou 3, ou encore par organe cible. Nota : Un composé non listé n'est pas nécessairement inoffensif, les listes sont mises à jour ponctuellement.
• CFR : Usa, Code of Federal Regulation, Title 21: Food and Drugs, PART 184—DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE . Lien : http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html Darbre et al, 2004 : Darbre PD, Aljarrah A, Miller WR, Coldham NG, Sauer MJ, Pope GS. 2004. Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours. Journal of Applied Toxicology 24:5-13.
• Chemical Book Inc. , Base de données chimiques et fournisseurs. Les composés chimiques (les additifs en ce qui nous concerne) sont renseignés avec leurs matières premières utilisées ou utilisables (cf. sec° Raw material). Accès par no. CASNo. d'identification chimique international. Vous trouverez cet identifiant section Description des pages des additifs de http://www.additifs-alimentaires.net . » Chemical properties » Hazard codes, Risc statements et Raw material.
• Chen, 2007 : Chen J, Ahn KC, Gee NA, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Lasley BL. Antiandrogenic properties of parabens and other phenolic containing small molecules in personal care products.Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 15;221(3):278-84. (PubMed) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17481686?ordinalpos=96&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pu bmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
• CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC.
• CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC.
• Codex alimentarius Le Codex Alimentarius est un programme commun de l'Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO) et de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Créé en 1963, siège de près de 200 représentants internationaux, c'est lui qui élabore entre autres les normes alimentaires internationales, les définitions et critères applicables aux aliments.
• Comité international mixte FAO / OMSFood and Agriculture Organisation, organisation de l'ONU pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, dépendante de l'ONU. d'experts sur les additifs alimentaires. Le JECFA est une autorité scientifique consultative.
• Commission de la Santé et de la Sécurité du travail (CNESST, Québec) » Recherche Produits  Accès par nom ou mieux par no. CASNo. d'identification chimique international. Vous trouverez cet identifiant section Description des pages des additifs de www.additifs-alimentaires.net . La toxicité est généralement extraite de l'onglet Réglementation.
• Cornell U. : Pour une liste détaillée d’études de référence sur le rôle de perturbation endocrinienne des parabens, voir la page suivante du site de Cornell University (en anglais) :
• Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Final amended report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, isopropylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, and benzyparaben as used in cosmetic products. International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 27, no. 4, pp 1-82, 2008. Available online: http://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/paraben_build.pdf August 12, 2014.
• CSC : Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, page sur les parabens, site internet consulté en janvier 2009 . Lien : http://www.safecosmetics.org/article.php?id=291
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• Danish Ministry of the Environment-Environmental Protection Agency. Statutory order on restriction on import, sale and use of certain parabens in cosmetic products for children under 3 years. Available online: http://eng.mst.dk/media/mst/Attachments/Engelskparabenbekendtgrelse.pdf August 12, 2014.
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• Darbre PD, et al.,  Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumors. Journal of Applied Toxicology, vol.  24, pp 5-13, 2004.
• Darbre PD., et a., Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2008.
• Darbre PD., et a., Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2008.
• Darbre PD., et a., Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2008.
• Darbre PD., et a., Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2008.
• Darbre PD., et al., Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2008.
• Darbre, 2006 : Darbre, Philippa, 2006, Environmental oestrogens, cosmetics and breast cancer. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 121–143, 2006.
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• Dictionnaire pharmaceutique VIDAL » sec° Eurêka Santé (information médicale grand public) Utiliser la zone Rechercher avec les noms des additifs, car ils remplacent toujours les codes E dans les pharmaceutiques.
• EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
• EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
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• Electronic Code of Federal Regulations » National list of allowed and prohibited substances ; 01-2018.
• Electronic Code of Federal Regulations » National list of allowed and prohibited substances ; 01-2018.
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• EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998.
• EUR 2005 : OBSERVATIONS DE LA COMMUNAUTÉ EUROPÉENNE , COMITÉ DU CODEX SUR LES ADDITIFS ALIMENTAIRES ET LES CONTAMINANTS, Répertoire des auxiliaires technologiques - Liste actualisée (31.1.2005) . Lien : http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/ifsi/eupositions/ccfac/ccfac_cx-fac053714_fr.pdf
• EWG-HT : Environmental Working Group, Human Toxome Project, page d’information sur les parabens (consulté en février 2009) . Lien : http://www.ewg.org/sites/humantoxome/chemicals/chemical_classes.php?class=Parabens EWG 2 : Résultats des mesures dans l’urine , lien : http://www.ewg.org/sites/humantoxome/participants/participant-group.php?group=all&details=1#Parabens
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• Final amended report, 2008 : [No authors listed1] Final amended report on the safety assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, and Benzylparaben as used in cosmetic products. Int J Toxicol. 2008;27 Suppl 4:1-82. (Pubmed- in process)
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